The structures of three mutants of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme selected using a screen designed to identify thermostable variants are described. Each of the mutants has a substitution involving threonine. Two of the variants, Thr 26-->Ser (T26S) and Thr 151-->Ser (T151S), have increased reversible melting temperatures with respect to the wild-type protein. The third, Ala 93-->Thr (A93T), has esse...

Endodontic retreatment requires complete removal of the filling material and access to the apical foramen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Wave One reciprocating system and compare it to the ProTaper D rotarysystem, with or without the use of a solvent, in removing filling material from root canals. The time required for each filling removal technique employed...

Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters can be accomplished through various treatment options, including such unit operations as chemical precipitation, coagulation, complexation, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction, foam flotation, electrodeposition, cementation, and membrane operations. This paper describes these various treatment strategies and methodolo...

Silicate mesoporous materials are of the main interesting adsorbents for decreasing of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from crude oil. In this work zinc impregnated highly ordered MCM-41 was synthesized via post-synthesis functionalization and was used as adsorbent for removal of H2S from crude oil. Also the variation of solvents was mainly adjusted. In  order  to  determine  the  ideal  solvent  for  t...

Liquid membrane processes have attracted many interests in recent years for removal of heavy metals such as cadmium from industrial wastewaters. In this study, a modified hybrid liquid membrane system is introduced. The setup is worked by applying the water-insoluble dioctyl phthalate as the organic solvent. N-octanol and tetra butyl ammonium bromide are added to the organic phase to increase t...

Nanoscale zero-valent iron NZVI particles were synthesized by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method, and the synthesized NZVI particles were used for the degradation of Basic Yellow 28 BY28 dye in aqueous solution. The influence of experimental variables such as reaction time, NZVI particle dosage and pH were studied on the decolorization of BY28. Mixing an aqueous solution of 100 mg L...

Although detergents are often essential in protocols, they are usually incompatible with further biochemical analysis. There are several methods for detergent removal, but the procedures are complicated or suffer from sample loss. Here, we describe a convenient and rapid method for detergent removal from sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) and neutral glycolipids in deterge...

Recently we reported that freeze-drying or centrifugation reactivated preparations of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase or reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-cytochrome c reductase which had been previously inactivated by extraction with isooctane (1). Homogenization of the enzyme preparations with small quantities of isooctane also inhibited these enzyme systems. The inhibited pre...

Fluoride is a persistent and non-biodegradable pollutant that accumulates in soil, plants, wildlife and in human beings. Therefore, knowledge of its removal, using best technique with optimum efficiency is needed. The present survey highlights on efficacy of different materials for the removal of fluoride from water. The most important results of extensive studies on various key factors (pH, ag...