Abstract Silicon wet bulk micromachining is the most widely used technique for fabrication of diverse microstructures such as cantilevers, cavities, etc. in laboratory well industry micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) application. Although, increasing throughput remains inevitable, and can be done by etching rate. Furthermore, freestanding structure release time reduced improved undercutting ...

Introduced by Dr. Charles Kelman in 1962, phacoemulsification machines have undergone constant improvement, ever increasing both their complexity and safety. There is one principle, however, that remains unchanged. All phaco machines consist of a computer to generate electrical signals and a transducer to turn these electronic signals into mechanical energy. The energy thus produced is passed t...

this paper deals with the determination of displacement function and thermal stresses of a finite length isotropic functionally graded hollow cylinder subjected to uniform temperature field. the solution of the governing thermoelastic equation is obtained, as suggested by spencer et al. for anisotropic laminates.  numerical calculations are also carried out for fgm (functionally graded material...

university course timetabling problem is a serious challenge for the academic managers in each semester. because of a vast number of constraints and the complexity of relationship among the constraints, the problem is known to be of hard class. in this paper, a decision support system is proposed to assist the decision makers in solving the university course timetabling. the proposed system pro...

In this study, we presents an object-guided ACO algorithm which is consisted of ants with enhanced memory. In the process of solution construction, each ant stores a complete solution in its enhanced memory. Each time ant selects a solution component probabilistically, it will calculate the difference between current solution and the new solution after adding the selected component and then Met...