Expression systems capable of growing to high cell densities are now readily available and are popular due to the benefits of increased product concentration. However, such high solids density cultures pose a major challenge for bioprocess engineers as choosing the right separation equipment and operating it at optimal conditions is crucial for efficient recovery. This study proposes a methodol...

The demonstration of the Landgard® Plant con­ cept in Baltimore, Maryland, was one of the first attempts in this country at large scale resource re­ covery from mixed municipal solid waste. The Baltimore project has permitted the characteriza­ tion of the Landgard® process from an equipment and operational standpoint. Considerable knowledge has been gained, even though the plant was never fully...

The catalytic conversion of renewable feedstocks into chemicals is pursued as a means to sustainably fulfil future societal needs. Due to the oxygen-rich nature of bio-derived substrates, isomerisation, transfer-hydrogenation and retro-aldol reactions have emerged as relevant transformations to produce commodity chemicals and polymer building blocks. In this context, porous materials containing...

The design and synthesis of shape-directed nanoscale noble metal particles have attracted much attention due to their enhanced catalytic properties and the opportunities to study fundamental aspects of nanoscale systems. As such, numerous methods have been developed to synthesize crystals with tunable shapes, sizes, and facets by adding foreign species that promote or restrict growth on specifi...

Although the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche has been an active area of study, the concept of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) harboring a niche for solid metastatic tumor cells has only recently been considered. The HSC niche and microenvironment that is thought to constitute the solid tumor niche share many of the same structural and functional components, suggesting the possibility...

Infants with slow weight gain cause concern in parents and professionals, but it is difficult to be certain whether such infants are genetically small or whether their energy intake is insufficient. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of diet and feeding behaviours on slow weight gain early in infancy. The sample was 11 499 term infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pare...

A compressor is an automatic gain control effect that scales the output level of a signal based on the input level. If the input level is above a certain threshold, the compressor reduces the gain of the signal based on how high the input signal is above the threshold. The 1176LN is a hardware compressor originally produced in the late sixties. The circuitry has been tweaked several times to de...

Sustainable development is the projected demand of all nations at present. Only 20 percent of world’s primary energy requirement is met by renewable sources like solar and wind energy, hydropower, biomass, municipal and agri-wastes. Especially energy recovery from municipal and agri – wastes have gained importance due to two – fold reason: i. waste volume reduction, ii. energy recovery. The pre...

Factors affecting the performance of 1 H heteronuclear decoupling sequences for magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy of organic solids are explored, as observed by time constants for the decay of nuclear magnetisation under a spin-echo (T2' ). By using a common protocol over a wide range of experimental conditions, including very high magnetic fields and very high radio-frequency (RF) nu...

A 220GHz solid-state power amplifier MMIC is presented, simultaneously demonstrating 55.5mW output power Pout at 17.0dB compressed gain (1.12mW Pin). The maximum saturated Pout is 60mW at 14.0dB compressed gain (2.36mW Pin). This 3-stage, 4-cell amplifier has 26.8dB S21 gain at 220GHz, with 3-dB small-signal bandwidth from at least 210GHz to 235GHz. PDC is 3.38W. Amplifier cells were fabricated...