As the softening constitutive relation of concrete basic fracture properties (softening curve), limited by the current level of experimental techniques, the test methods of softening curve such as direct tension tests and so on are difficult, high cost and different outcomes, so the study is difficult to move forward. In recent years, the inverse analysis study which uses numerical methods to d...

an artificial neural network has been used to determine the volume flux and rejections of ca2+ , na+ and cl¯, as a function of transmembrane pressure and concentrations of ca2+, polyethyleneimine, and polyacrylic acid in water softening by nanofiltration process in presence of polyelectrolytes. the feed-forward multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network including an eight-neuron hidden la...

Graphene is known as the strongest 2D material in nature, yet we show that moderate charge doping of either electrons or holes can further enhance its ideal strength by up to ~17%, based on first-principles calculations. This unusual electronic enhancement, versus conventional structural enhancement, of the material's strength is achieved by an intriguing physical mechanism of charge doping cou...

We deal with quasistatic evolution problems in plasticity with softening, in the framework of small strain associative elastoplasticity. The presence of a nonconvex term due to the softening phenomenon requires a nontrivial extension of the variational framework for rate-independent problems to the case of a nonconvex energy functional. We argue that, in this case, the use of global minimizers ...

In this study, we numerically investigated the mechanical responses and trajectories of frictional granular particles under oscillatory shear in reversible phase where particle form closed loops below yielding point. When friction coefficient is small, storage modulus exhibits softening, loss remains finite quasi-static limit. As increases, softening residual are suppressed. The moduli satisfy ...

The asymptotic matching analysis in the preceding Part I has established a new kind of size effect, caused by postpeak softening of inelastic hinges in beams and frames. The present Part II analyzes various implications, particularly the size effects on the maximum loads under load control or displacement control, the design loads, and the energy absorption of the structure. DOI: 10.1061/~ASCE!...

In this paper we describe an adaptive softening length formalism for collisionless N−body and self-gravitating Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) calculations which conserves momentum and energy exactly. This means that spatially variable softening lengths can be used in N−body calculations without secular increases in energy. The formalism requires the calculation of a small additional term...

 Experimental cerebral infarction was induced in 94 dogs by injecting one or two silicone rubber cylinders through the cervical internal carotid artery. The 47 large-sized infarctions of the cerebral hemisphere (LSICH) were more frequently created with a double silicone embolization (DSE; 76.2%) than with a single silicone embolization (42.5%). In the DSE method, the first emboliza tion ga...