The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the evolution of social presence research in the field of distance education and identified problems in investigating this construct. The researchers took an integrative review on existing social presence studies to answer three questions: (a) How definitions of social presence evolved since its establishment (b) How research focus shifted...

This qualitative study investigates students’ affective domain in an online class. Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s Community of Inquiry Model (2000) and Rourke et al.’s Social Presence Templates (2001) were used to analyze transcripts, surveys, and interviews of all participants. The results of this study illustrate the nature of social interaction in an online environment confirming teaching, ...

Relationships mediated by ICTs are present in many aspects of everyday life. As they are established at a distance, one can see the projection of the other through the communication channels that are opened by the new ICTs. The objective of this paper is to discuss how the means of communication affect social presence in virtual environments. Based on the theory of investigative communities and...

New three-dimensional videoconferencing systems are trying to overcome the artificial nature of two-dimensional desktop video conferencing. The phenomenon of Social Presence serves as a measure of how natural persons feel when they are connected with a distant other through a telecommunication interface. We present a study measuring the difference in Social Presence in three conditions: (1) des...

Two field studies investigate the importance of social presence (real and imagined) and famiiiarity whti the purchase act in producing embarrassment in the context ot an embarrassing product purchase. The results indicate tbat awareness of a social presence during purchase selection and commitment, whether real or imagined, is a motivating factor in creating embarrassmenl for the consumer. Furt...

Increasingly, digital games offer sophisticated multiplayer experiences with teams of players able to play against “the computer” in raids or against each other in a variety of team matches. Social presence is therefore an important part of the gaming experience. However, existing measures of social presence in games lack the sophistication to deal with these more diverse gaming situations. Thi...

Web-based learning mostly relies on written, asynchronous interaction, which grants learners time for reflection and freedom in the organization of their activity. Written communication, however, is considered an impoverished means by many people, because it lacks non-verbal cues, with consequent negative influence on the quality of the learning process, as concerns both its cognitive and motiv...

This study investigated the relationship among three types of the presences, including place presence, social presence, and co-presence in virtual worlds and their relationship with satisfaction and immersive tendencies of students. Students’ scores on a subjective questionnaire were analyzed. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship among the place presence, social presence,...