Abstract We find an unifying approach to the analytic representation of domain bounded by a generalized Pascal snail. Special cases as snail, Both leminiscate, conchoid Sluze and disc are included. The behaviour functions related snail is studied.

snail is one of the worst causes of food allergy. thus, the aim of this study was to identify the major and minor allergens of the local marine snail ( cerithidea obtusa ) and subsequently to investigate the impacts of heat treatment on the ige-binding activity of snail allergens. proteins from raw and heat-treated snails (boiled, roasted and fried) were extracted and then resolved by sodium do...

Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Its transmission depends upon the presence of snails, which serve as intermediate hosts for the parasite. Some efforts have been made to classify snail habitats with remotely sensed data, but not to estimate snail abundance that is an important parameter in schistosomiasis transmission modeling. In thi...

BACKGROUND Gastropod-borne parasites may cause debilitating clinical conditions in animals and humans following the consumption of infected intermediate or paratenic hosts. However, the ingestion of fresh vegetables contaminated by snail mucus and/or water has also been proposed as a source of the infection for some zoonotic metastrongyloids (e.g., Angiostrongylus cantonensis). In the meantime,...

BACKGROUND Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) are a food safety and health concern in Vietnam. Humans and other final hosts acquire these parasites from eating raw or under-cooked fish with FZT metacercariae. Fish raised in ponds are exposed to cercariae shed by snail hosts that are common in fish farm ponds. Previous risk assessment on FZT transmission in the Red River Delta of Vietnam ident...

Snail borne infections are of significant importance in livestock production in India especially in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Snails Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus live in muddy vicinity and standing water and act as the intermediate hosts of the parasitic disease fascioliasis in the livestock. This disease is responsible for significant economic losses due to negative effects to anim...

Fascioliasis and other food-borne trematodiases are included in the list of important helminthiases with a great impact on human development. Six plant-borne trematode species have been found to affect humans: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciolopsis buski (Fasciolidae), Gastrodiscoides hominis (Gastrodiscidae), Watsonius watsoni and Fischoederius elongatus (Paramphistomidae). Whe...

Global biodiversity loss and disease emergence are two of the most challenging issues confronting science and society. Recently, observed linkages between species-loss and vector-borne infections suggest that biodiversity may help reduce pathogenic infections in humans and wildlife, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its applicability to a broader range of pathogens have remain...

Despite extensive control efforts, schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health problem in developing nations in the tropics and sub-tropics. The miracidium, along with the cercaria, both of which are water-borne and free-living, are the only two stages in the life-cycle of Schistosoma mansoni which are involved in host invasion. Miracidia penetrate intermediate host snails and develop...