UNLABELLED Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is effective for some individuals experiencing low back pain; however, the mechanisms are not established regarding the role of placebo. SMT is associated with changes in pain sensitivity, suggesting related altered central nervous system response or processing of afferent nociceptive input. Placebo is also associated with changes in pain sensitivity...

We investigate the domain of satisfiable formulas in satisfiability modulo theories (SMT), particular, automatic generation a multitude satisfying assignments to such formulas. Despite long and successful history SMT model checking formal verification, this aspect is relatively under-explored. Prior work exists for generating assignments, or samples, Boolean quantifier-free first-order involvin...

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) has become common in commercially available processors with hardware support for dual contexts of execution. However, performance of SMT systems has been disappointing for many applications. Consequently, many SMT systems are operated in a single-context configuration to achieve better average throughput, depending on the application domain. This paper first ex...

Purpose Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a common intervention used to treat low-back pain. Some prior investigations report decreased spinal stiffness following SMT; others report no effect. Given that the efficacy of many therapies (e.g. pharmaceuticals, injections) depend on choice of application site and outcome metric (e.g. fasting vs non-fasting blood sugar), potential explanations fo...

The paper explores a way to learn post-editing fixes of raw MT outputs automatically by combining two different types of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems in a linear fashion. Our proposed system (which we call a chained system) consists of two SMT systems: (i) a syntax-based SMT system and (ii) a phrase-based SMT system (Koehn, 2004). We first translate source sentences of the bite...

Development of computer aided verification tools has greatly benefited from SMT technologies; instead of writing an ad-hoc reasoning engine, designers translate their problem into SMT queries which solvers can efficiently solve. Translating a problem into effective SMT queries, however, is itself a tedious, error-prone, and non-trivial task. This paper introduces Smten, a tool for automatically...

Abstract Machine learning compilers are large software containing complex transformations for deep models, and any buggy transformation may cause a crash or silently bring regression to the prediction accuracy performance. This paper proposes an SMT-based translation validation framework Multi-Level IR (MLIR), compiler used by many compilers. It SMT encoding tailored that is over-approximation ...

Knowledge across several segments appears to be a necessary ingredient to innovation in the case of an architectural shift. Innovative firms utilize their knowledge stock to confront the competitive market. This paper demonstrates that exploitation of accumulated knowledge leads to architectural innovation. Ironically, in the new development of products with a short life cycle, when a firm disc...

Statistical machine translation (SMT) has evolved from the word-based level to higher levels of abstraction. Currently the best known systems are phrased-based, and recent research has started to explore tree-based systems with syntactical information. This thesis aims to study large-scale Chinese-English SMT using a syntactic tree-based model. From the engineering point of view, SMT systems ar...

Smooth muscle tumors (SMT) of the alimentary tract are uncommon. A series of 32 cases (16 leiomyomas and 16 leiomyosarcomas) are presented. The most common presenting clinical signs are bleeding or obstruction. These are caused mainly by degenerative changes within the lesion or its enlargement. The endoluminal SMT cause symptoms early and are more easily detectable. However, the extraluminal S...