results based on the results obtained by the applied technique, the presence of carcinogenic compounds, n-nitrosomethyl-vinylamine (162 µg/g), n-nitrosonornicotine (6.3 µg/g), and acetaldehyde (117 µg/g) was confirmed in the sample. objectives the current study aimed to chemically analyze, separate and measure the existing substances in a type of chewing tobacco. materials and methods in the cu...

BACKGROUND Interest is rising in smokeless tobacco as a safer alternative to smoking, but published reviews on smokeless tobacco and cancer are limited. We review North American and European studies and compare effects of smokeless tobacco and smoking. METHODS We obtained papers from MEDLINE searches, published reviews and secondary references describing epidemiological cohort and case-contro...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use in India is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use, with dual use also contributing a noticeable proportion. In the context of such a high burden of tobacco use, this study examines the regional variations, and socioeconomic, demographic and other correlates of smoking, smokeless tobacco and dual use of tobacco in India. METHODS AND FIND...

Objectives—This article examines those factors that make Canada an attractive market for American and Swedish producers of smokeless tobacco products. American smokeless tobacco manufacturers face a less than desirable future in their home market and apparently are looking beyond their borders for opportunities elsewhere. Although margins in the United States are still high, industry unit sales...

BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco use is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in the US and may influence cigarette smoking behavior. Systematic information on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US is limited. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published literature on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US. We search...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Much of the epidemiologic research on tobacco focuses on smoking, especially cigarette smoking, but little attention on smokeless tobacco (SLT). METHODS Using data from the Republic of Congo Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of 2006, we estimated the prevalence of SLT use among in-school adolescents. We also assesse...

Nicotine is absorbed in substantial quantities from smokeless tobacco and could contribute to the adverse consequences of smokeless tobacco use. Chronic systemic exposure to nicotine could contribute to accelerated coronary artery disease, acute cardiac ischemic events, and hypertension. Systemic absorption of sodium and mutagenic chemicals from smokeless tobacco could aggravate hypertension or...

Objective: To quantify and compare respiratory functions further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco non-tobacco users. Material Methods: First control group, users (n=55); Second smokers’ group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third smokeless/chewing type, (n=81); Fourth both smokeless smoking type (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) Fagerström Dependence-Smokeless To...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use among youth in India is an increasingly rising burden. It is affected by various socio-demographic factors, which form predictors of use. Focus on these predictors can help policy makers in curbing the major morbidity and mortality due to tobacco among youth. OBJECTIVE To study the various socio- demographic variables associated with tobacco use among youth in India. ...

Smokeless tobacco causes cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus, and pancreas. CDC analyzed National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to estimate the proportion of U.S. working adults who used smokeless tobacco in 2005 and 2010, by industry and occupation. This report describes the results of that analysis, which showed no statistically significant change in the prevalence of smokeless tobacc...