in this paper, plug-in fuel cell electric vehicle (pfcev) is considered with dual power sources including fuel cell (fc) and battery energy storage. in order to respond to a transient power demand, usually supercapacitor energy storage device is combined with fuel cell to create a hybrid system with high energy density of fuel cell and the high power density of battery. in order to simulate the...

Load characteristics play an important role in distribution systems, which are traditionally designed to supply peak load; hence, decreasing this peak can considerably reduce overall grid costs. Basic components of smart grids such as smart meters allow two-way communication between the utilities and customers; in this context, controllable smart loads are being introduced, which allow developi...

To foster innovation, address energy independence, react to global warming, and increase emergency resiliency, governments around the world are promoting efforts to modernize electricity networks by instigating smart grid, e-energy and e-mobility initiatives [5, 6, 3, 4]. A smart grid refers to efforts that enhance and extend today’s electric power grids with information processing technology t...

Recently, attention has been focused on whether the Smart Grid could work efficiently in an energy network. The subject of our study is the electric vehicle (EV), which has been proposed as a potential chargeable/dischargeable part of the power grid infrastructure. As energy is transferred between an EV and the power grid, it is possible to regulate energy on the entire grid via charging and di...

The paper deals with energy storage systems applications in Smart Grids. Several services can be performed thanks to the energy storage systems use, with objectives aimed at meeting needs internal or external to the Smart Grid. Optimal nonlinear constrained problems can be formulated and properly solved in order to perform the services in the best economical and technical way. In this paper, op...

surge and rotating stall phenomena are two dynamic instabilities that occur in both axial and centrifugal compressors. surge is the stream instability phenomenon in compressor that imposes severe damages to the compressors. nowadays, suppressing surge phenomenon is one of the most important issues in oil and gas industries, especially when flow reduction or gas reflux is considered. this resear...

Software defined networks (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the communication networks globally. SDN revolutionized the way the communication network managed previously. By segregating the control plane from the data plane, SDN helps the network operators to manage the network flexibly. Since smart grid heavily relies on communication networks, therefore, SDN has also paved its way ...