A good knowledge of the quality of the satellite soil moisture products is of great importance for their application and improvement. This paper examines the performance of eight satellite-based soil moisture products, including the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) passive Level 3 (L3), the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS (CATDS) L3, the Jap...

Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBDs) provide the physical and mathematical descriptions of the algorithms used in the generation of science data products. The ATBDs include a description of variance and uncertainty estimates and considerations of calibration and validation, exception control and diagnostics. Internal and external data flows are also described. The SMAP ATBDs were revie...

Originally designed as a RESTful protocol to expose reading data from simple instruments, we discuss the shifting role of sMAP as a common interchange format for timeseries data within a number of building projects. Due to the change in role and resulting widened set of use cases, we discuss where sMAP has fallen short and design modifications necessary to address them. Key contributions are id...

Electron tomography (ET) of biological samples is used to study the organization and the structure of the whole cell and subcellular complexes in great detail. However, projections cannot be acquired over full tilt angle range with biological samples in electron microscopy. ET image reconstruction can be considered an ill-posed problem because of this missing information. This results in artifa...

The aim of speaker adaptation techniques is to enhance the speaker-independent acoustic models to bring their recognition accuracy as close as possible to the one obtained with speaker-dependent models. Recently, a technique based on hierarchical structure and the maximum a posteriori criterion was proposed (SMAP). In this paper, like in SMAP, we assume that the acoustic models parameters are o...

two different methods of bayesian segmentation algorithm were used with different band combinations. sequential maximum a posteriori (smap) is a bayesian image segmentation algorithm which unlike the traditional maximum likelihood (ml) classification attempts to improve accuracy by taking contextual information into account, rather than classifying pixels separately. landsat 7 etm+ data with pa...

1. ABSTRACT In this paper, we present forward model of the microwave backscattering from a vegetated terrain at L band for application in the upcoming SMAP (Snow Moisture Active and Passive) mission. The objective of the SMAP mission is to provide global measurements of soil moisture and its freeze/thaw state [1]. These measurements will be used to enhance understanding of processes that link t...

NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission combines a passive L-band radiometer and an active Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument in order to monitor the near-surface soil moisture and freeze-thaw states globally, with a revisit frequency of 23 days. SMAP provides three soil moisture products: a high-resolution from the radar, a low-resolution from the radiometer, and an...

This study reports an initial evaluation of a new short measure for adult playfulness (SMAP). In data from a construction (N = 266), and two replication samples (N = 147 students, N = 215 adults), a one-dimensional solution showed the best fit for the data and satisfactory internal consistency (.80–.89) was found (test–retest correlation = .74; 12–16 weeks). Younger adults scored higher in play...

BACKGROUND DNA methylation has important roles in the regulation of gene expression and cellular specification. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) has prevailed in methylation studies due to its cost-effectiveness and single-base resolution. The rapid accumulation of RRBS data demands well designed analytical tools. FINDINGS To streamline the data processing of DNA methylation...