Monkeypox, once a rare zoonotic disease, has been endemic to some African countries since its original identification among humans in 1970. Since then, cases non-endemic regions have linked returning travelers or those who had contact with transported animals. The causative agent, Monkeypox virus, belongs Orthopoxviruses, the same family as Variola—the organism for smallpox. Although most monke...

Eczema herpeticum can clinically resemble smallpox. On the basis of the algorithm for rapid evaluation of patients with an acute generalized vesiculopustular rash illness, our patient met criteria for high risk for smallpox. The Tzanck preparation was critical for rapid diagnosis of herpetic infection and exclusion of smallpox.

To destroy all remaining stocks of variola virus on or before 31 December 2002 seems an even more compelling goal today than it did in 1999, when the 52d World Health Assembly authorized temporary retention of remaining stocks to facilitate the possible development of (1) a more attenuated, less reactogenic smallpox vaccine and (2) an antiviral drug that could be used in treatment of patients w...

INTRODUCTION The smallpox vaccination emergency preparedness program has been unsuccessful in enrolling sufficient numbers of healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to use game theory to analyze a pre-event vaccination versus post-event vaccination program using the example of a terrorist considering an attack with smallpox or a hoax. METHODS A three-person game (norm...

To evaluate the need to revaccinate laboratory workers against smallpox, we assessed regular revaccination at the US Laboratory Response Network's variola testing sites by examining barriers to revaccination and the potential for persistence of immunity. Our data do not provide evidence to suggest prolonging the recommended interval for revaccination.

BACKGROUND The ability to differentiate chickenpox from smallpox is important for early recognition of bioterrorism events and prevention of false alarms. The febrile prodrome is a clinical feature used to differentiate these conditions. However, the prevalence of prodromal manifestations in chickenpox has not been well established. METHODS We evaluated prodrome characteristics of all chicken...

Objective: Smallpox, a severe infectious disease caused by the smallpox virus, causes death rate as high 30% within 15-20 days after infection. Therefore, development of anti-Smallpox product strategic reserve is urgently needed. Methods: We prepared and tested pepsin-digested F(ab′) 2 fragments serum IgG from horses. Results: Transmission electron microscopy indicated that purified virus showe...

INTRODUCTION how the body reacted and what symptoms were produced, and how the virus was shed . Chapters 1 and 3 were concerned with Since smallpox was an infectious disease, smallpox as a disease of individual human there is another dimension to its study besides beings, discussing such problems as how the its effect on individual patients-namely, its virus entered the body and spread through ...

The smallpox epidemic that passed through the Hudson Bay region in 1780-82 is reported to have devastated the native population, causing mortality of 60 to 90 percent. We reassess this claim using three approaches. First we review case-fatality rates from smallpox in more recent, well-documented epidemics; we discuss the nature of smallpox transmission; and we review the possible impact of gene...