Despite the fact that shape-memory alloy (SMA) has several mechanical advantages as it continues being used as an actuator in engineering applications, using it still remains as a challenge since it shows both non-linear and hysteretic behavior. To improve the efficiency of SMA application, it is required to do research not only on modeling it, but also on control hysteresis behavior of these m...

A microfabricated normally-closed microvalve consisting of a flat silicon spring, a co-sputtered and patterned TitaniumNickel (TiNi) shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, and an orifice die, is presented. All three components are batch microfabricated using silicon substrates. This microvalve is designed for an actuation mechanism for a pneumatically controlled, biologically inspired six-legged mi...

Shape memory alloy (SMA) based actuators have the potential to be lower mass, more compact, and more simplistic than conventional based actuators (electrical, hydraulic, etc); however, one of the key issues that plagues their broad use is packaging since long lengths of wire are often necessary to achieve reasonable actuation strokes. Spooling the wire around pulleys or mandrels is one approach...

This paper presents a nonlinear control scheme for position control of a flexible beam system using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators. Due to their interesting properties such as force generation capacity, possibility of miniaturization, and power consumption, these devices have been gaining increased popularity in the past few years. However, SMA actuators possess undesirable characteristics ...

The purpose of current investigation is to engage two efficient evolvable neuro-evolutionary machines to identify a nonlinear dynamic model for a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator. SMA materials are kind of smart materials capable of compensating any undergo plastic deformations and return to their memorized shape. This fascinating trait gives them versatility to be applied on different enginee...

This paper presents a frequency response analysis of nickel-titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires that are the active elements in an SMA actuator. Frequency response analysis is the measurement of the relative magnitude and phase of an output signal, with respect to an input signal, at spot frequencies covering a frequency range of interest. In this case, the input signal is the electrical he...

An elemental SMA actuator, consisting of an elastic rod with two embedded SMA wires, is presented. The recovering wire w1, with remembered ‘U’ shape, is located along the rod’s axis. The restoring wire w2, with memorized straight shape, is located in parallel with the rod’ axis with an offset distance d1. Two strain gauges, arranged in complemental configuration and sticking to the rod, are use...

Being inherently compliant, the robotic artificial muscles are increasingly popular in applications such as safe human-robot interaction, legged robotics, prostheses and orthoses, and soft robotics. Their full utilization is often challenged by the coupled hysteresis among input, strain, and tension force. Although conventional two-dimensional hysteresis models are available, no prior studies o...

Shape memory alloy actuators are attractive for many industries because of their high energy density and moderate strokes and forces, which can enable low cost, light weight, high performance devices. SMA wire actuators are particularly advantageous because of their simple form, well-developed manufacturing and quality control, actuation with simple electrical circuits, and faster heating and c...

In this work, we model a thermoelectric shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator as part of a research effort to design high-force, high-frequency SMA actuators. Cyclic phase transformation in a SMA layer is achieved by alternately heatinglc6oling using the thermoelectric Peltier effect. The thermal and mechanical fields during phase transformation are, in general, highly coupled and the extent of this...