The decimal elimination capacity (DEC) of slow sand filters (SSF) for viruses, bacteria and oocysts of Cryptosporidium has been assessed from full-scale data and pilot plant and laboratory experiments. DEC for viruses calculated from experimental data with MS2-bacteriophages in the pilot plant filters was 1.5–2 log10. E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) were removed at full-scale and ...

The present study investigates major organic foulants in ultrafiltration (UF) of treated domestic wastewater and their removal in slow sand filtration. Identification and quantification of major foulants was conducted in labscale experiments. Quantified results suggest that biopolymers (large molecular protein-like and polysaccharidelike materials) are major organic foulants in UF. This conclus...

In this paper, results of new intermittent sand filter design was presented. Drawer Compacted Sand Filter DCSF is a modified design for sand filter, in which sand layer is broken down into several layers (10 cm each) and placed in a movable drawers separated by 5 cm space each. Lab-scale DCSF was designed and operated in Surrey University's lab for 49 days and fed by synthetic greywater. 30 cm ...

While sand filters are widely used to treat drinking water, the role of sand filter associated microorganisms in water purification has not been extensively studied. In the current investigation, we integrated molecular (based on metagenomic) and physicochemical analyses to elucidate microbial community composition and function in a common sand filter used to treat groundwater for potable consu...

Background & Aims of the Study: Spent filter backwash water (SFBW) consists of 1-5% of the total treated water typically and it has a high turbidity. Because of the scarcity of water resources and in order to prevent the environmental contamination, effluent treatment of rapid sand filter backwashing is unavoidable. One of the new technologies for removal of turbidity from the ...

The total bacterial community of an experimental slow sand filter (SSF) was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of partial 16S rRNA gene PCR products. One dominant band had sequence homology to Legionella species, indicating that these bacteria were a large component of the SSF bacterial community. Populations within experimental and commercial SSF units were studied by u...