Using a six year data set of eddy covariance flux measurements of sensible and latent heat, soil heat flux, net radiation, above-ground phytomass and meteorological driving forces energy partitioning was investigated at a temperate mountain grassland managed as a hay meadow in the Stubai Valley (Austria). The main findings of the study were: (i) Energy partitioning was dominated by latent heat,...

This paper introduces a relatively simple method for recovering global fields of latent heat flux. The method focuses on specifying Bowen ratio estimates through exploiting air temperature and vapour pressure measurements obtained from infrared soundings of the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) sensor onboard NASA’s Aqua platform. Through combining these Bowen ratio retrievals with satellite ...

[1] Long-term measurements of sensible and latent heat and carbon dioxide fluxes were performed over a boreal lake in southern Finland using the direct micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique. The water column was sampled weekly for dissolved carbon dioxide, and the CO2 flux was estimated also applying the concentration gradient method. Temperature and oxygen profiles of the lake wer...

In the majority of glacier surface energy balance studies, parameterization rather than direct measurement is used to estimate one or more of the individual heat fluxes, with others, such as the rain and ground heat fluxes, often deemed negligible. Turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat are commonly parameterized using the bulk aerodynamic technique. This method was developed for horizont...

The high-resolution measurements of the spectral solar irradiance (SSI) at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite are used to examine the magnitude and spectral distribution of the Earth’s entropy flux from the TOA incident solar radiation. Two extreme cases are examined by using Planck expression: I. isotropic hemispheric incident sola...

Abstract   An empirical investigation was carried out to study convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow inside an inclined copper tube under uniform heat flux condition. Required data are acquired for laminar and hydrodynamically fully developed flow inside round tube. The stable CuO-base oil nanofluid with different nanoparticle weight fractions of 0.5%, 1% and 2% was produced by means of ul...

Prevailing theories on the equatorial Atlantic Niño are based on the dynamical interaction between atmosphere and ocean. However, dynamical coupled ocean-atmosphere models poorly simulate and predict equatorial Atlantic climate variability. Here we use multi-model numerical experiments to show that thermodynamic feedbacks excited by stochastic atmospheric perturbations can generate Atlantic Niñ...

Surface momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes are critical for atmospheric processes such as clouds and precipitation, and are parameterized in a variety of models ranging from cloud-resolving models to largescale weather and climatemodels. However, direct evaluation of the parameterization schemes for these surface fluxes is rare due to limited observations. This study takes advantag...