In this paper, we present a parser based on a stochastic structured language model (SLM) with a exible history reference mechanism. An SLM is an alternative to an n-gram model as a language model for a speech recognizer. The advantage of an SLM against an n-gram model is the ability to return the structure of a given sentence. Thus SLMs are expected to play an important part in spoken language ...

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a promising candidate for 4G broadband wireless communications. However, MIMO-OFDM inherited the problem of high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) from OFDM. Many PAPR reduction techniques were developed in last two decades to reduce the PAPR of OFDM, among them Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) and Selected...

Abstract Transmit filtering, transmit equalization, precoding, or power allocation possibly increases the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmit single-carrier (SC) signal due to change in frequency-domain spectrum. Recently, we proposed a frequency-domain based selective mapping (FD-SLM) for suppressing the increased PAPR introduced by the transmit frequency-domain equalization (Tx-FDE...

A new 512 512 pixel phase-only spatial light modulator SLM has been found to deviate from being flat by several wavelengths. Also, the retardation of the SLM relative to voltage varies across the device by as much as 0.25 wavelength. The birefringence of each pixel as a function of address voltage is measured from the intensity of the SLM between crossed polarizers. To these responses are added...

In several wireless communication systems and standards, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used widely due to its high spectral efficiency, high data rate, multipath delay spread tolerance, power efficiency, robustness to multipath fading channels and immunity to the frequency selective fading channels. However, the main challenge for OFDM system implementation is high PAPR, ...

The paper directly compares two versions of a medical speech translation system, one with a grammar based language model (GLM) recognizer and the other with a statistical language model (SLM) recognizer. We construct the GLM using a corpus-based method, so that both the GLM and the SLM can be derived from the same corpus; evaluation is carried out with respect to performance on the speech trans...

It is imperative for a competitive e-business service provider to be positioned to manage the execution of its service level agreement (SLA) contracts in business terms (e.g., minimizing financial penalties for service-level violations, maximizing service-level measurement based customer satisfaction metrics). This paper briefly describes the design rationale of an integrated set of businessori...

The aim of this study was to prepare solid lipid microspheres (SLM) of octyl methoxy cinnamate (2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxy cinnamate; OMC) to achieve controlled release, decrease penetration of this UV absorber from skin and improve its photostability. The influence of the carrier on the rate of release was studied in vitro with a cellulose acetate membrane and in vivo from excised rat skin with Fr...

24 Background: Combination inhaled therapy with long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and corticosteroid 25 is beneficial in treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 26 Objective: In asthma, LABAs enhance glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation in the 27 presence of corticosteroids. Whether this biological mechanism occurs in COPD, a relatively 28 corticosteroid-resi...

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