Starting from the 15 century in the Atlantic slave trade, black people have been treated by lighter-skinned counterparts as commodities to be sold and bought. The effects of the trade and the resulting dehumanization can still be seen in subsequent historical events and in today’s society. Analyzing the Haitian Revolution in the late 18 century through literature such as The Grateful Negro by M...

The goal of this work is to synchronize a class of chaotic oscillators in a master-slave scheme, under different initial conditions, considering several slaves systems. The Chen oscillator is employed as a benchmark model and a nonlinear observer is proposed to reach synchronicity between the master and the slaves' oscillators. The proposed observer contains a proportional and integral form of ...

Abstract Using probate inventories from multiple locations in the Ottoman central lands, this article offers a quantitative perspective on long-term patterns of slaveholding, slave prices, and demand for slaves. Findings include continual decline slave-ownership related indicators across all social groups strata, prices connection with trafficking Africa eighteenth century. The investment prefe...

Four recent books present a comprehensive and progressively more intimate view of slavery and slaves in Peru. One focuses on the slave trade starting as early as the Arab expansion across Northern Africa in the seventh century. A second summarizes the evidence on abolitionist sentiment. The last two use scores of stories of individuals to show how the slaves themselves were agents of their own ...