Accurate and objective assessment of amputation level in the lower limb plays an important role in patient management. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a new and noninvasive technique for skin blood flow measurement and has been used pre-operatively in 25 patients undergoing amputation for vascular disease and in five normal controls. Baseline flux measurements were made at room temperature on ...

AIMS Transdermal iontophoresis in combination with laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) are useful techniques for examining dermal microcirculatory responses to different vasodilators. Differences in skin and microcirculation structure could influence the recorded baseline flux, and the observed vasodilatation. To examine this we compared baseline flux and the response of microvascular blood flow to a...

the paper aims at investigating the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the steady two-dimensional laminar flow of viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-darcian porous medium. the radiative heat flux is assumed to follow rosseland approximation. the governing equations of momentum, angular momentum, energy, ...

BACKGROUND The reaction of vascular endothelial cells to occlusion and heat in Southeast Asian Indians (SAI) compared to Caucasians (C) has not been studied, although genetic differences are found in endothelial cells between the races. MATERIAL/METHODS Ten C and Ten SAI (<35 years old) male and female subjects participated. There was no difference in the demographics of the subjects except t...

AB STR ACT The permeability of frog skin to a series of nonelectrolytes (thiourea, urea, mannitol, and sucrose) under the influence of 2.5 times normal osmolarity in the outer bathing solution has been investigated. Although the flux of the tracer nonelectrolytes across the skin in either direction is greatly increased by hyperosmolarity, the influx is found to be increased to a significantly g...

Adaptive Cartesian mesh methods have demonstrated unique abilities for automated mesh generation and dynamic mesh adaptation to flow solution and moving boundaries. However Navier-Stokes (NS) solvers with Cartesian mesh often produce large fluctuations of surface quantities (pressure, skin friction, and heat flux) at solid boundaries. We show that the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) with adaptiv...

The permeability of frog skin to a series of nonelectrolytes (thiourea, urea, mannitol, and sucrose) under the influence of 2.5 times normal osmolarity in the outer bathing solution has been investigated. Although the flux of the tracer nonelectrolytes across the skin in either direction is greatly increased by hyperosmolarity, the influx is found to be increased to a significantly greater exte...

A thermal wave skin model incorporating surface heat flux from a skin simulant sensor is developed to characterize the thermal performance of heat resistant fabrics covering the skin simulant sensor. Comparisons of time to 2nd-degree skin burn and temperature elevation of skin beneath a layer of fabric between the Pennes' equation and the newly developed thermal wave skin model are performed in...

In this work, we examined enhanced skin delivery of minoxidil applied in nanoemulsions incorporating skin penetration enhancers. Aliquots of fully characterized oil-in-water nanoemulsions (1 mL), containing minoxidil (2%) and the skin penetration enhancer oleic acid or eucalyptol as oil phases, were applied to full-thickness excised human skin in Franz diffusion cells, while aqueous solutions (...

There is growing emphasis in the United States and Europe regarding the quantification of dermal exposures to chemical mixtures and other substances. In this paper, we determine the dermal flux of benzene in neat form, in organic solvents, and in aqueous solutions based on a critical review and analysis of the published literature, and discuss appropriate applications for using benzene dermal a...