To determine the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in relation to gait speed, we computed between-subject effect size (ES) using the implemented formula in Review Manager version 5.3 (Hedges' adjusted g) as (ES = ±[(mean post-value intervention group)-(mean post-value control group)]/pooled variance) [91]. To determine the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in relation to gait sp...

BACKGROUND The Clubfoot Assessment Protocol (CAP) is a multi dimensional instrument designed for longitudinal follow up of the clubfoot deformity during growth. Item reliability has shown to be sufficient. In this article the CAP's validity and responsiveness is studied using the Dimeglio classification scoring as a gold standard. METHODS Thirty-two children with 45 congenital clubfeet were a...

The reporting of exaggerated effect size estimates may occur either through researchers accepting statistically significant results when power is inadequate and/or from repeated measures approaches aggregating, averaging multiple items, or multiple trials. Monte-Carlo simulations with input of a small, medium, or large effect size were conducted on multiple items or trials that were either aver...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To determine the overall effectiveness of interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) behavior among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Comprehensive literature searching identified eligible PA intervention studies among community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older, or sample mean age of 70. Diverse study characteristics were extracted and ou...

NSSE staff are frequently asked to help interpret effect sizes. “Is .3 a small effect size?” “Is .5 a really large effect size?” An effect size (ES) is any measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables. In practice ES statistics are used to assess comparisons involving correlations, percentages, mean differences, probabilities, and so on. In cases where large sample sizes make...

BACKGROUND In the current literature, it is questionable whether cricket bats in their current form and dimensions allow a young cricketer to hit the ball effectively. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a novel coaching cricket bat among junior cricket batsmen with regard to enhancing performance and the direction of the backlift. METHODS A cross-sectional research study w...

Single case designs are a set of research methods for evaluating treatment effects by assigning different treatments to the same individual and measuring outcomes over time and are used across fields such as behavior analysis, clinical psychology, special education, and medicine. Emerging standards for single case designs have focused attention on the need for effect sizes for summarizing and m...

Effect sizes are the most important outcome of empirical studies. Most articles on effect sizes highlight their importance to communicate the practical significance of results. For scientists themselves, effect sizes are most useful because they facilitate cumulative science. Effect sizes can be used to determine the sample size for follow-up studies, or examining effects across studies. This a...

NSSE staff are frequently asked to help interpret effect sizes. “Is .3 a small effect size?” “Is .5 a really large effect size?” An effect size (ES) is any measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables. In practice ES statistics are used to assess comparisons involving correlations, percentages, mean differences, probabilities, and so on. In cases where large sample sizes make...

The branch of statistics known as inferential statistics tries to find out information about a population by studying a representative sample of that population. The main tools of inferential statistics are the statistical significance tests. Every statistical significance test includes two hypotheses; the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1). The null hypothesis assumes tha...