BACKGROUND Previous research reporting factors influencing aerosol delivery in intubated patients has been largely focused on the endotracheal tube (ETT) during mechanical ventilation, with little comparative analysis of effect of types of artificial airways and their interfaces on aerosol delivery during spontaneous breathing. The purpose of this study was to compare aerosol delivery via trac...

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with dispersion corrections elucidated the key factors for determining the arrangement of π-conjugated oligomers inside a carbon nanotube. The current study considered methyl-terminated terfurans as guests inside a host tube; the results were compared with those obtained in previous studies for methyl-terminated terthiophenes inside a nanotube. DFT c...

A two-dimensional transient axi-symmetric model was developed to study the effects of various thermal and geometric parameters on cyclic heating and cooling modes of a phase-change thermal energy storage system. The high-temperature thermal energy storage device utilizes LiH for heat sink applications to store the waste heat generated during power-burst periods. The stored heat is then discharg...

We propose a method for obtaining an improved representation of transients in audio signals. The representation is based on a damped sinusoidal model. To improve the representation, transient locations are modified in such a way that a transient can start only at the beginning of a sinusoidal segment. The introduced modifications facilitate a reduction of the number of damped sinusoids needed t...

The effect of the design on heat transfer is numerically investigated by using wavy inner tube in a double-pipe exchanger. A was used to give turbulent fluid along double In numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program used, and basic protection equations were solved for steady-state, 3-D flow conditions. study examined at Reynolds numbers ranging from 2700-5300. obtained results compared wi...

We found that by fluorination of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), it is possible to suppress only the Raman radial breathing mode and absorption peaks from the outer (large diameter) tubes of DWNTs. In contrast, Raman signals from the inner shells showed no difference from the pristine DWNTs. The stability of the inner shells of fluorinated DWNTs was also confirmed from the photoluminesc...

Raman studies on double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) obtained from peapods showed that the radial breathing mode (RBM) response of the inner tubes is split into more components than there are geometrically possible inner tubes. This was attributed to the possibility that one inner tube type may form in more than one outer tube type. Recent resonance Raman investigations revealed an even more ...

Tracheostomy tubes are used to administer positive-pressure ventilation, to provide a patent airway, to provide protection from aspiration, and to provide access to the lower respiratory tract for airway clearance. They are available in a variety of sizes and styles, from several manufacturers. The dimensions of tracheostomy tubes are given by their inner diameter, outer diameter, length, and c...

The synthesis of a unique isotope engineered system, double-wall carbon nanotubes with natural carbon outer and highly 13C enriched inner walls, is reported from isotope enriched fullerenes encapsulated in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The material allows the observation of the D line of the highly defect-free inner tubes that can be related to a curvature induced enhancement of the el...