Field independence (FI) has been found to correlate with a wide range of cognitive processes requiring cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring, that is going beyond the information given by the setting, is pivotal in creating stable mental representations of the environment, the so-called "cognitive maps," and it affects visuo-spatial abilities underpinning environmental navigation. He...

Despite overwhelming scientific consensus, popular opinions regarding evolution are starkly divided. In the USA, for example, nearly one in three adults espouse a literal and recent divine creation account of human origins. Plausibly, resistance to scientific conclusions regarding the origins of species-like much resistance to other scientific conclusions (Bloom & Weisberg, 2007)-gains support ...

We administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire to 39 unipolar depressed patients at the beginning and end of cognitive therapy and at one-year follow-up, and we administered it to 12 bipolar patients during a depressed episode. A pessimistic explanatory style for bad events correlated with severity of depression for unipolars at cognitive therapy intake (r = .56, p < .0002), termination ...

Research in adaptive hypermedia educational systems has increased with the growth of the Internet. Currently, all adaptive hypermedia educational systems collect information about cognitive style through completion of a questionnaire based on a psychometric test. This direct measure may be intrusive and annoying to a student and makes an adaptive system aligned to cognitive style unavailable fo...

The Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) measures the cognitive vulnerability factor featured in the hopelessness theory of depression. The CSQ has been used in over 30 published studies since its inception, yet detailed information about the psychometric and validity properties of this instrument has yet to be published. In this article, we describe the development of the CSQ and review reliabi...

Cognitive radio is a promising technology to improve the utilization of wireless spectrum resources. A serious threat to cognitive radio networks (CRN) which sense the spectrum in a cooperative manner is the transmission of false spectrum sensing data by malicious secondary nodes, namely spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks. SSDF attackers start to attack the network in the case o...

Within the field of the cognitive sciences (CSs), frequently happened that some form of “linguistic” representations (symbols, propositional representations, and so on) have been opposed to representations of some different kind. In this paper I claim that such an opposition, in spite of its prima facie intuitive strength, cannot be stated in a precise and general way. The possible characterisa...

a measurement of entrepreneurial intention and locating factors that nurture it are among one of the determining factors that lead to the emergence of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, provide a better understanding of the quality of circumstances that bring about free enterprise and thus contribute to a more accurate prediction of the possibility of its occurrence. among factors that are inf...

The purpose of this paper is to put forth a theory that will synthesize as much as possible of what has been observed about cross-cultural differences in thinking in the last few decades. The theoretical notion that is used is cognitive style, defined as learned habits to emphasize the development and use of certain universal cognitive processes. Three cognitive style variables will be used to ...

Magicians often rely on misdirection to fool their audience. A common way to achieve this is for the magician to provide a plausible and intuitive (but false) account of how an effect is performed in order to prevent spectators from uncovering the truth. We hypothesized that analytical thinkers would be more likely than intuitive thinkers to seek alternative explanations when observing a mental...