Abstract The multifunctionality of genome is suggested at some loci in different species but not well understood. Here we identified a DES-K16 region an intron the Kctd16 gene as chromatin highly marked with epigenetic modifications both enhancers (H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) silencers (H3K27me3) mouse spermatocytes. In vitro reporter assay demonstrated that exhibited significant enhancer activity spe...

Homeotic genes are important for early development, but they are subjected to silencing during the later stages. It is known that Polycomb group proteins are involved in this type of distant regulation. The cut locus, a hierarchal regulator of external sensory organs, spans about 220 kb in 7B region on X chromosome. It is important for the normal development at different stages of Drosophila de...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, silencers flanking the HML and HMR loci initiate the establishment of transcriptional silencing. We demonstrate that the activity of a silencer pertaining to its potency and directionality is dependent on its genomic position. The context of the HML-E silencer is more permissive to silencer function than that of HML-I or HMR-E, despite that HML-E and HML-I are only ...

Retroviral vectors are transcriptionally silenced in hematopoietic stem cells, and this phenomenon must be overcome for effective gene therapy of blood diseases. The murine stem cell virus (MSCV) vector completely silences beta-globin reporter genes regulated by locus control region (LCR) elements 5'HS2 to 5'HS4 in seven of eight transgenic mice. Here, we show that no single known MSCV silencer...

The acoustic attenuation of a single-pass, perforated concentric silencer filled with continuous strand fibers is investigated first theoretically and experimentally. The study is then extended to a specific type of hybrid silencer that consists of two single-pass perforated filling chambers combined with a Helmholtz resonator. One-dimensional analytical and three-dimensional boundary element m...

Silencing of the cryptic mating-type loci HMR and HML requires the recognition of DNA sequence elements called silencers by the Sir1p, one of four proteins dedicated to the assembly of silenced chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Sir1p is thought to recognize silencers indirectly through interactions with proteins that bind the silencer DNA directly, such as the origin recognition comple...

An intronic silencer within the CD4 gene is the critical cis regulatory element for T cell subset-specific expression of CD4. We have combined transfection studies with gene targeting in mice to identify several key sequences within the silencer core that are required for gene silencing during thymocyte development. In mice, mutations in individual sites resulted in variegated, but heritable, d...

The adherence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the human small intestine is an important early event in infection. Attachment is thought to be mediated by proteinaceous structures called pili. We have investigated the regulation of expression of the genes encoding CS1 pili found on human ETEC strains and find that there are at least three promoters, P1 and P2, upstream of the coo g...

It is a common practice to install doors that have openings in them to improve cross airflow through horizontal ventilation. However, excessive outdoor noise and poor noise privacy are known associated issues. Grilles are often installed in these door openings to address this issue. While they may reduce the noise level slightly, they have proven not to be very effective. Effective silencers wo...

The B cell-specific B29 (Igbeta) gene is activated in the earliest B cell precursors and is expressed throughout B cell development. Tissue-specific expression of the murine B29 gene is controlled by a B cell-specific promoter whose activity is governed by a cassette of upstream transcriptional silencers. This study describes a potent new silencer that is located 5' of the previously identified...