Although most mRNAs initiate translation by 5' ribosome scanning, some small fraction of mammalian and viral mRNAs utilize either of two alternate mechanisms, known as internal ribosome entry and ribosome shunting. Ribosome shunting is a poorly understood form of initiation in which 40S ribosome subunits are loaded onto mRNA through interactions with the m7GTP cap, but then bypass large segment...

BACKGROUND Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is considered to be a treatable form of dementia, because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting can lessen symptoms. However, neuroimaging has failed to predict when shunting will be effective. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether 1H (proton) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy could predict functional outcome in patients after shunting. METHODS Neur...

Patients with severe neurological impairment requiring tube feeding may have concomitant hydrocephalus. Coplacement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is currently standard in such cases. The present study investigated the risk factors for shunt infection in such patients. The medical records of 23 patients with PEG and VP shunting were retrospec...

Microcirculatory disturbance of the gastric wall is a crucial factor in the development of gastric mucosal lesions induced by Helicobacter pylori, anti-inflammatory drugs and stress. Opening of the arteriovenous shunting channel after thermal injury is one of the possible mechanisms to reduce mucosal blood flow. However, no in vivo observation of arteriovenous shunting blood flow in the stomach...

OBJECTIVES To compare stump pressure (SP), transcranial Doppler (TCD), electroencephalography (EEG) and selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative PET measurements and peroperative neuromonitoring were performed in ten patients undergoing CEA for symptomatic carotid artery disease. ...