Introduction Developing countries which suffer from several technical and technological weaknesses and of under-developed socio-economic systems, also face energy shortages and inefficient energy systems. This situation gets worse if we take into account the high population growth rate in these countries. Such an enormous increase in population leads to a scramble for limited energy resources a...

 This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies of the Republic of Korea in year 2012-2013 (AKS-2010-CAA-2101) Energy security has assumed newfound geopolitical importance at the outset of XXI century (Moran and Russell, 2008). Diminishing fossil fuel supplies have led to fears of energy shortages, while rapid economic and population growth have fuelled the demand for cheap, clean and...

The Governor’s Proclamation of a Continued State of Emergency, issued on April 25, 2014, suspends the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Public Resources Code 21000 and following) for all actions taken by local agencies that are identified by the State Water Resources Control Board as vulnerable to acute drinking water shortages and that are necessary to implement solutions to such sh...

This paper surveys the literature on how democracy affects economic growth. The paper first presents descriptive statistics and brief case-descriptions to illustrate how democracy and dictatorship may affect growth. Thereafter, the paper evaluates five central arguments on democracy and growth, before it surveys empirical studies on the relationship. Furthermore, the paper highlights critical m...

Drug shortages have increasingly been a problem for pharmacists and clinicians over the past decade. Clinicians need to be aware of the various causes of drug shortages and the issues that may arise as a result, particularly as they relate to medication safety. Numerous resources and strategies are available to mitigate the effects of drug shortages, and clinicians should work with their health...

While climate change impacts on crop yields has been extensively studied, estimating the impact of water shortages on irrigated crop yields is challenging because the water resources management system is complex. To investigate this issue, we integrate a crop yield reduction module and a water resources model into the MIT Integrated Global System Modeling framework, an integrated assessment mod...