Shore protection by small seabed bars was once considered possible because seafloor undulations strongly reflect surface waves of twice the wavelength by the so-called Bragg resonance mechanism. The idea, however, proved “unreliable” when Yu & Mei (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 404, 2000, pp. 251-268) showed that a patch of longshore seabed bars adjacent to a reflective shore could result in larger wave...

The intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus is a critical foundation species that is exposed to fluctuations in the environment along tidal- and wave-exposure gradients. We investigated feeding and digestion in mussels under laboratory conditions and across environmental gradients in the field. We assessed whether mussels adopt a rate-maximization (higher ingestion and lower assimilation) or a ...

On wave-sheltered shores of the northeastern Pacific, the population size structure of Littorina sitkana varies with intertidal height, as larger snails are mostly found only in the upper intertidal. This pattern has been attributed to high predation rates by crabs (and perhaps fish) on large snails inhabiting low-intertidal areas; i.e., large snails are presumed to be rare there simply because...

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1. Purpose. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance in enviromental engineering for coastal shore protection projects. 2. Applicability. This manual applies to all field operating activities that have responsibility for environmental impact studies related to coastal shore protection projects. 3. Discussion. This manual summarize...

UNLABELLED Soft linings are materials used to reduce the tension and forces of mastication, forming all or part of the fitting surface of a denture. This study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on water absorption, solubility, Shore A hardness and color stability of permanent soft liner materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two chemically activated soft liner materials (Sofreliner S; GC Reline ...