Previous studies have shown that autoimmune mice perform very poorly on active avoidance learning tasks. In the current studies, mice with lupus-like systemic autoimmunity were able to learn active, as well as passive, avoidance protocols with shock as reinforcement. Therefore, the behavioral deficits seen in active avoidance tasks are not a consequence of the use of electric shock. Rather, the...

To date, regulatory bank stress testing in the United States has focused on ensuring the banking system is resilient to losses in one or a few stress scenarios that involve macro-economic weakness, but it is unclear how far this resilience extends beyond the stress scenarios considered. In addition, a theory of which stress-scenarios should be chosen to achieve systemic-risk reduction objective...

This experiment investigated whether directly trained covarying functions are necessary for stimulus class formation and transfer of function in humans. Initial class training was designed to establish two respondent-based stimulus classes by pairing two visual stimuli with shock and two other visual stimuli with no shock. Next, two operant discrimination functions were trained to one stimulus ...

This work proposes an augmented variant of DebtRank with uncertainty intervals as a method to investigate and assess systemic risk in financial networks, in a context of incomplete data. The algorithm is tested against a default contagion algorithm on three ensembles of networks with increasing density, estimated from real-world banking data related to the largest 227 EU15 financial institution...

In 2 experiments, rats received exposure to presentations of a footshock preceded by a given cue. In the PRf (partial reinforcement) condition, this cue also occurred in the absence of the shock; in the CRf (continuous reinforcement) condition, it did not. Subsequent testing in which a new stimulus was used to signal the shock (Experiment 1) showed that the shock was more effective as a reinfor...

INTRODUCTION The effect of implantable defibrillator shocks on cardiac hemodynamics is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ventricular defibrillator shocks adversely effect cardiac hemodynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS The cardiac index was determined by calculating the mitral valve inflow with transesophogeal Doppler during nonthoracotomy defibrillator im...

INTRODUCTION Survival benefit from ICD implantation is relatively low in primary prevention patients. Better patient selection is important to maintain maximum survival benefit while reducing the number of unnecessary implants. Microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) is a promising risk marker. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of MTWA in ICD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Thi...

In modern global supply chains, intermodal and multimodal distribution has become essential means of transportation. The combination different modes transport is the most commonly used method for distributing shipments between continents. This paper examines measures physical events, such as shock impact, that occur while transporting 40ft long ISO containers using multiple transport. These eve...