since the second half of the first century ad onward, varicus verbal sects and religions began to flourish. one of the currents, thought was mutazelie that there was no desirable relations with shia until the middle of third century ad. therefore, at this point of times many leaders of two groups wrote so many refutuation in the case of each other, that their purpose of this action was to defen...

the expansion of shiite activities in iraq and its development through sunni nomads is one of the main issues involved ottoman governors in the second half of the nineteenth century, during the reign of abd al-hamid ii. (1876-1909). numerous real or unreal reports about the political and cultural risks of these activities were sent by officials of baghdad to bab-i ali in istanbul, forced the ce...

In this article, in which Nevres Efenedi's perception of Iranians and Shiites his views as an early reformist, is studied through work named Tarihiçe-i Nevres, it attempted to examine whether he was also under the influence Ibn Khaldunist history society, like opposition intellectuals time. For purpose, Efendi's unique reformist ideas, are discussed with a descriptive comparative method light s...

when belief priniplees among all muslems became identi cal, this opportunity has bee provided for clergyman scientist to infere legal command ments to rely it, that it lead to emergence of prudence religion and diversity of opinions. although this practice religious leads to dispute about opinions, but they are not related to beliefe principles. thus it isn't worthy that these disputes don...

the crises sometimes cause a man(zawj) to become absent so that no news have been received from him. shiite and sunnite religions have two opinions about the situation of the wife(zawjah) of the continuously absent person: patience until his life or death becomes clear, and waiting four months and ten days(ieddeh of death) after waiting for a determined period. shiite jurists, in condition that...

During the reign of Shah Amanullah Khan Ghazi, Afghanistan, with a very courageous and thoughtful act, was able to gain its independence from Britain. The country’s independence, which product unwavering sacrifices Muslim people Afghanistan prudent policies young King, came after full-scale war grounding British aggression on border AfAfghanistan in 1919 achieved in1919. After country used all ...

Religions and sects ensure that the past is always recreated in order to protect their sense of belonging pass it on future generations. One most important tools this carried out through religious rituals. Shiism one schools thought which ritualistic religiosity common. The Karbala case played an role transition from a political movement theological phase gaining sectarian belongings. In Shiite...

The article analyzes Iran-Iraq relations in the context of regional security. It has been studied that eight-year war became most bloody and destructive armed conflict second half XX century. is worth noting beginning caused rivalry: ethnic religious, political economic, ideological personal. Also, struggle for leadership region played a special role. established USA intervention Iraq 2003 chan...