this article discusses the presence of imamiyah - shiism in islamic society. the discussion, especially, gives careful consideration to the relation of imamie religion with all-e booiye, furtheremore the article examines the reasons of the change in all-e booyes religion from zeydi to imamiyah and how this change is related to shiite authorities - fatemian, ghermatian, yaman's zeidian - of...

all schools of islamic jurisprudence regard abortion as wrong and forbidden and allow abortion only before the stage of ensoulment, if the continuation of pregnancy would endanger the mother's life or put her into intolerable difficulties. in this article we describe and assess the viewpoint of shiite jurisprudence toward abortion. using a selected collection of related references, and discussi...

The Shiite school has been the promoter of movements that have stood up to oppression, and this political thought has shaped Shiite political and social movements and movements throughout history. Historically, the turning point of the Shiite revolution and the formation of Shiite protest movements and events is the Ashura event, and the land of Karbala as the holy land of the Shiites and the p...

Social science employs teleological explanations which depend upon the rationality principle, according to which people exhibit instrumental rationality. Popper points out that people also exhibit critical rationality, the tendency to stand back from, and to question or criticise, their views. I explain how our critical rationality impugns the explanatory value of the rationality principle and ...

Economists claim that principles of rationality are normative principles. Nevertheless, they go on to explain why it is in a person’s own interest to be rational. If this were true, being rational itself would be a means to an end, and rationality could be interpreted in a non-normative or naturalistic way. The alternative is not attractive: if the only argument in favor of principles of ration...

rationality of religious belief is one of the most important issues in the philosophy of religion and includes five epistemological approaches. up till recent times, evidentialism was the approach prevalent in the field of rationality of religious beliefs. and it was considered as a symbol of maximal rationalism. reformed epistemology, however, is a newly-emerged school which opposes evidential...