the process of the transformation in the ismaili sect and its interal branches can be very helpful in studying ismaili's position taking against its opponents. the climax of the mentioned process coincides with crusades during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. the hostility of shiism against ismaili has an idiological basis, however sunni's general enmity towards ismaili, in additio...

a considerable part of the statements in different shi’ite jurisprudential chapters expresses the practical obligations of the obliged (mukallafīn) with respect to the denominational dissidents. the concept of denominational dissidents, in its general sense, refers to all those people who have any faith other than the twelve-imam shiism. among all such dissidents, the people of the tradition (a...

The central theme of Ta'ziyeh, as one of the Islamic tragic drama and folk theater, in one of the major denominations of Islam (the Shia) is a representation of the siege and massacres of Karbala. This study investigated Ta'ziyeh (alternatively Ta'zïye, Tazīa, Ta'zīya) and its discourse, a form of declamation. The data for analysis were collected from library resources (e.g. books, electronic r...

shah ismail established a dynasty in iran on the premises of nationality and religion. to establish national unity in iran, he announced shia as the official religion. his goal was to strengthen iranian national bonds. the presence of uzbeks in the east and ottomans in the west made it necessary that iranian people reinforce their feeling of patriotism and love for they homeland. shah ismail be...

using the analytic-historical method, this article attempts to explain the cultural policies of the first shah of the pahlavi dynasty toward women. relying on the theory of evolution and formation of national identity in iran, the article seeks to answer this question: ‘what is the impact of the cultural policies of the first shah of the pahlavi dynasty on the occurrence of identity crisis amon...

Abstract In the wake of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and the ensuing dominance of political Islam discourse and its impact on Pakistani society, the ground was prepared for the spread of Wahhabism and anti-Shiism in that country due to the failure of the Islamabad government to manage the reactive conduct of extremist Salafist groups as well as its engagement in internal dis...