Objective: In this paper, we have introduced topoisomerase inhibitors, mechanism of action and types of them. DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze essential enzymes to solve the topological problems accompanying key nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin assembly by introducing temporary single or double strand breaks in the DNA. Result...

purpose:  to evaluate the significance of the presence of pigment granules in  the anterior  vitreous as a reliable indicator of retinal breaks in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment  (pvd) . methods: this cross sectional study included 209 phakic patients with acute symptomatic pvd. the patients underwent anterior vitreous examination and fundoscopy. patients with dia...

Propranolol (PL), a non-selective beta-blocker, is a cardiovascular drug widely used to treat hypertension. The present study was concerned with assessing the cytogenetic effects of this drug on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. MTT assay was then carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of the drug. The IC50 value of PL was 0.43±0.02 mM. To investigate the clastogenic effect...

To help stem the precipitous decline of coral reef ecosystems world-wide, conservation efforts are focused on establishing interconnected reserve networks to protect threatened populations. Because many coral reef organisms have a planktonic or pelagic larval dispersal phase, it is critical to understand the patterns of ecological connectivity between reserve populations that result from larval...

Abstract The macroscopic morphology, oxide layer characteristics, rupture strength and residual life of T23 steel after 96000 hours service at high temperature pressure were analyzed. results show that pipe has good appearance, without obvious abnormal features such as cracks, folds, rolling breaks, double skin, scabs, delaminations sharp scratches. chemical composition different sections confo...

Detection of local strain at the nanometer scale with high sensitivity remains challenging. Here we report near-field infrared nano-imaging strains in bilayer graphene by probing strain-induced shifts phonon frequency. As a non-polar crystal, intrinsic possesses little response its transverse optical The reported detection is enabled applying vertical electrical field that breaks symmetry two l...

The improved next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD analysis of the experimental data of the CCFR collaboration for the xF 3 structure function is made. Theoretical ambiguities of the NNLO ts are estimated by means of the Pad e resummation technique. The NNLO and the new N 3 LO s (Q 2) MS-matching conditions are used. In the process of the ts we are taking into account the the twist-4 1=Q 2-t...

purpose : the aim of this study was to compare the rate and location of intraoperatively induced retinal breaks between two techniques of standard 20-gauge vitrectomy and transconjunctival 23-gauge using trocar/cannula methods : in this prospective comparative case series patients having attached retina before surgery who were operated for different vitreoretinal or macular conditions by standa...