Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is caused by different species of Leishmania, and it is manifested by three major clinical forms namely cutaneous, muco-cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. This review is aimed to address briefly the parasite, the vector and the reservoir aspects in transmission of leishmaniasis in different regions of...

Grain size distribution (sorting) is determined by deposition. It may affect sediment bulk and elastic properties in a non-linear and non-unique way. The quantification of these relations is important for seismic reservoir characterization, especially in geological settings where sand/shale (bimodal) mixtures are present. Below, effective-medium equations are introduced for calculating the poro...

We compared the susceptibility of sand fly vectors to four topical insecticide treatments applied to domestic dogs, a reservoir of human leishmaniasis. Dogs were exposed to sand flies pretreatment and at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months posttreatment. Sand fly bloodfeeding and survival rate of both fed and unfed flies were significantly reduced by the permethrin, deltamethrin, and fenthion treatme...

Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is strongly influenced by two major N-S trending paleohighs (Hendijan- Bahregansar-Regesafid-Izeh and Kharge- Mish) and surrounding p...

three well - known source rocks of the zagros basin and the persian gulf are mesozoic in age.the jurassic sargelu, albian kazhdumi and neocomian-coniacian garau formations have charged the cretaceous reservoirs of this area. the northwest part of the persian gulf is strongly influenced by two major n-s trending paleohighs (hendijan- bahregansar-regesafid-izeh and kharge- mish) and surrounding p...

The Karazhanbas Field (KBM) is a giant shallow heavy oil field in western Kazakhstan, less than 460 m depth. It contains heavy oil (μ ~400 cP) in seven reservoir zones from several to 40 m thick in unconsolidated sands with porosities 28-32%, permeabilities of ~0.5 D, and an arkosic lithology with angular grains. There is no free gas cap, and the structure is divided into fault-controlled block...

The shallow gas zone in the Pantai Pakam Timur (PPT) field, located in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, has recently become an important target for development. However, only two wells were drilled in peripheral part of the field. In this situation the method of Geostatistics is hardly applied because of less control points, but there is a new suitable method to estimate reservoir properties under ...

Sand production is a universally encountered issue during the exploration of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs particularly during production. The production of sand particles with the reservoir fluids depends on the stress around a wellbore and the properties of the reservoir rocks and fluids. Therefore, it is crucial to predict under what production conditions sanding will occur and when sa...