On a stepped spillway, the steps contribute to some dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy, while free-surface aeration can be very intense. The aim of this study is to investigate the two-phase flow properties on a gabion stepped spillway, including both free-surface and seepage flows, as well as the bubbly flow interactions at the gabion interface. Detailed measurements were conducted in...

Abstract Important water structures known as stepped spillways are used to dissipate energy, aerate rivers, and reduce the cost of downstream pool. The aim this study is increase energy dissipation rate by proposing an alternative design flat spillways, which frequently in practice. For that reason, Circular Stepped Spillway (CSS) has been constructed numerically investigated paper. CSS spillwa...

Run-of-river hydropower plants usually lack significant storage capacity; therefore, the more adequate control strategy would consist of keeping a constant water level at the intake pond in order to harness the maximum amount of energy from the river flow or to reduce the surface flooded in the head pond. In this paper, a standard PI control system of a run-of-river diversion hydropower plant w...

Introduction Piano Key weirs (PKWs) are a hydraulically attractive alternative to linear overflow weirs, increasing the unit discharge at the unregulated spillway inlet for similar heads and spillway widths. This advantage, allowing for operation of dam reservoirs on elevated supply levels thus providing an increased retention volume, is a result of the non-linear nature of PKWs being folded ba...

1) Minimum Water Surface Area .........................................................................................................................11 2) Pond Live Storage ...........................................................................................................................................11 3) Primary Water Quality Outlet Devices ...........................................

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has assisted local sponsors with analysis, design and construction of approximately 26,000 of the 80,000 dams in the National Inventory of Dams. Many of these dams are reaching their design life and require rehabilitation. Rehabilitation efforts come at a time when NRCS is in the process of evaluating a potential change from a minimum 6-hour sto...

In the stepped spillway, steps, by providing an artificial roughening bed, dissipate flow of energy more than other types spillways, so construction costs for stilling basin are reduced. However, what is important in this type spillway increasing effectiveness steps rate dissipation. The present study deals with experimental and numerical simulations regarding influence geometric appendance ele...

background:   although intramedullary nailing (imn) is an established and accepted operative treatment for femoral shaft fracture in patients younger than 60, there is a lack of data on the results of this treatment on those over 60. the purpose of this study was to determine if the outcome of imn for femoral shaft fracture in elderly patients is also acceptable. particular challenges in this g...