BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype may influence disease progression. We compared CD4 lymphocyte cell count levels at seroconversion, decline rates and viral load set point in individuals infected with different HIV-1 subtypes. METHODS We used data from the Concerted Action on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in Europe (CASCADE) collaboration, restricted to those i...

BACKGROUND Identifying persons with recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody seroconversion is useful for treatment, research, and prevention, but the sensitivity and specificity of tests for this purpose are uncertain. METHODS We used longitudinal specimens panels from 155 persons identified prior to HIV seroconversion to assess antibody-based methods for classifying persons as wit...

In order to obtain data concerning the involvement of Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks, a serological survey was carried out on paired (acuteconvalescent) sera from 1310 beef and 810 dairy cattle collected in 262 BRD outbreaks in Italian herds during 2002-2006. No vaccination program to M. haemolytica A1 was applied in the investigated herds. For each outbrea...

The author describes the case of a 2-year-old boy presenting with aplastic anaemia due to documented parvovirus infection bone marrow without specific seroconversion.

background after treatment cessation, a high prevalence of relapse was reported in chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients in china, especially in nucleot(s)ide analogues (nucs)-experienced patients. re-treatment for these patients remains unsolved. objectives this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of pegylated interferon in hbeag positive patients with exposure to antiviral therapy. patients and ...

The aims of this study were to compare chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with genotypes B and C for the probability of HBeAg seroconversion, hepatitis activity, and viral replication before and after HBeAg seroconversion and to compare the prevalence of core promoter and precore mutations. A total of 180 asymptomatic Chinese patients with CHB were monitored for a median of 53.8 months, and 38 ...

BACKGROUND The identification of individuals at the highest risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is critical for targeting prevention strategies. We evaluated self-perceived risk of HIV infection and rates of subsequent HIV seroconversion among a prospective cohort study of injection drug users (IDUs). METHODS We performed an analysis of the time to HIV infection among 994 bas...

background: canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is not only an emerging veterinary concern but also a public health threat in endemic areas. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of two doses of aluminum hydroxide (alum) precipitated leishmania major (alum-alm) mixed with bcg plus imiquimod against cvl. methods: a total of 560 ownership dogs were serologica...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has recently emerged in various urban and peri-urban areas of Brazil and other countries. Understanding the urbanization of VL requires identification of risk factors associated with human and canine infection. To determine the predictors of risk for canine VL, a survey was conducted of 1,443 dogs, from which a cohort was selected (n = 455) and evaluated for approxim...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of positivity for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and the potential for sexual transmission of the virus. DESIGN A cohort analysis covering 1981-9 comparing estimated cumulative incidences of and seroconversion rates for anti-HCV with those of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and antibodies to the human immunodef...