Abstract Background Nanoparticles have been studied for brain imaging, diagnosis, and drug delivery owing to their versatile properties due small sizes. However, there are growing concerns that nanoparticles may exert toxic effects in the brain. In this study, we assessed direct nanotoxicity on microglia, resident macrophages of central nervous system, indirect toxicity neuronal cells exerted b...

Podosphaera xanthii causes powdery mildew of cucumber, and is associated with significant yield quality losses. Development resistant or tolerant varieties the most effective eco-friendly strategy for management. An important host resistance mechanism based on recognition conserved genes, resulting in durable resistance. To determine mechanisms total RNAs were isolated from cultivar Meltem, lin...

Ligand-targeted microbubbles are focusing interest for molecular imaging and delivery of chemotherapeutics. Lipid–peptide conjugates (lipopeptides) that feature alternating serine–glycine (SG) n segments rather than classical poly(oxyethylene) linkers between the lipid polar head a targeting ligand were proposed liposome-mediated, selective anticancer drugs. Here, we report synthesis perfluoroa...