BACKGROUND Whilst being the most prevalent disease worldwide, dental caries is increasingly concentrated in high-risk populations. New caries treatments should therefore be evaluated not only in terms of their cost-effectiveness in individuals, but also their effects on the distribution of costs and benefits across different populations. To treat deep caries, there are currently three strategie...

With the aim of probing for design theory of cutterhead excavation system of earth pressure balance (EPB) machine, the parameters representing the system performance are concluded firstly. Then a 3D model for cutterhead excavation system of EPB machine is presented with the discrete element method (DEM) software PFC, which is capable of simulating the tunneling ground in site, the machine struc...

Abstract—Excavation and retaining walls are of challenging issues in civil engineering. In this study, the behavior of one important type of supporting systems called Contiguous Bored Pile (CBP) retaining wall is investigated using a physical model. Besides, a comparison is made between two modes of free end piles (soft bed) and fixed end piles (stiff bed). Also a back calculation of effective ...

Changes in cultivable flora in dentine samples collected before and after hand excavation were examined in association with clinical status of the cavity surface, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-five extracted permanent molar teeth with an occlusal caries lesion were excavated with hand instruments according to the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach....

An archeological excavation is usually a rapidly evolving environment: several factors (weather, costs, permissions) force the work to be concentrated in a few weeks. Moreover, excavating is essentially a mono-directional operation, which constantly modifies the state of the site. Since most of the interpretation is performed in a second stage, it is necessary to collect a massive amount of doc...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and imaging findings in patients with focal choroidal excavation. METHODS Retrospective observational case series. The medical records of 12 patients (13 eyes) with focal choroidal excavation were reviewed. Clinical histories and imaging findings (including color photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiogr...

To solve the impact on pre-existing main structure due to need for early traffic restoration of urban roads within cross-hub and difficulty co-ordinating a construction plan among groups pits, method combining TD BU was proposed. By establishing three-dimensional finite difference (FDM) parallel pit excavation considering small strain constitutive model strata, influence four different schemes ...

BACKGROUND Retinal vein pulsation is often absent in glaucoma, but can be induced by applying a graded ophthalmodynamometric force (ODF) to the eye, which is elevated in glaucoma. AIM To assess whether ODF has a predictive value in determining glaucoma progression. METHODS 75 patients with glaucoma and suspected glaucoma were examined prospectively in 1996, and then re-examined at a mean of...