Glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose were identified in the leaves, bark, roots, and berries of Vitis vinifera L. var. Thompson Seedless. In addition to these sugars, verbascose and manninotriose were found in the leaves and bark.Malic, tartaric, citric, isocitric, ascorbic, cis-aconitic, oxalic, glycolic, glyoxylic, succinic, lactic, glutaric, fum...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the root canal morphology of South Asian Indian Maxillary molars using a tooth clearing technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred teeth each comprising of first, second, and third molars collected from different dental schools and clinics in India were subjected to standard dye penetration, decalcification and clearing procedure before being studied. RESU...

Studying development and physiology of growing roots is challenging due to limitations regarding cellular and subcellular analysis under controlled environmental conditions. We describe a microfluidic chip platform, called RootChip, that integrates live-cell imaging of growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with rapid modulation of environmental conditions. The RootChip has separat...

Maxillary second molar with two palatal roots is a rare dental anatomy. The diagnosis and treatment of exceeded root may create challenge for clinicians. The authors discuss the retreatment of a maxillary second molar in which exceeded root was undiagnosed in previous treatment. The case report underlines the importance of complete knowledge about root canal morphology which achieved by careful...

Anatomical variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth. Aberrant morphology of the root canal system may hinder cleaning and shaping procedures, leading to failure of endodontic treatment. The aim of this paper is to show one an example of root canal anatomical variation. Mandibular canines usually have one root with a centrally located root canal; however, anatomica...

The mandibular canine is usually considered a single-rooted tooth with a single root canal. However, two canals and more rarely two roots may also occur. This paper reports the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. The initial periapical radiographs of the mandibular right and left canines for endodontic treatment revealed the presence of two ro...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). STUDY DESIGN CBCT images of mandibular first (n = 823) and second molar (n = 925) teeth from 605 Turkish patients were analyzed. The root canal configurations were classified according to the method of Ver...

Methods for screening isolates of the nematophagous fungus, V. chlamydosporium, for their ability to colonize the surface of plant roots are described. Significant differences in the extent of colonization were observed in sterile conditions and in soil; plant species and cultivars also differed in their ability to support a selected isolate of the fungus. Although fungal density could be estim...