The clinical evidences of variable epileptic propagation in occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) have been demonstrated by several studies. However the exact localization of the epileptic focus sometimes represents a problem because of the rapid propagation to frontal, parietal, or temporal regions. Each white matter pathway close to the supposed initial focus can lead the propagation towards a specif...

From the 15th century to the present day, Christian art has portrayed people who suffer from epilepsy as attributes in illustrations of Saint Valentine (SV). The objective of our study was to interpret the works of art from a modern epileptological perspective on the basis of a collection of portrayals of SV in Europe that was as comprehensive as possible. The people depicted as attributes were...

city is the most complicated and tangible creature of man. there is a critical mutual communicationbetween human and city; and the effect of one’ living environment is beyond question. graffiti is a new urbanphenomenon, which has drawn attention in light of its connection with protestation culture and street art. thanks tosymbolism of graffiti, the artists have added mysterious aspects to their...

Semiotics is the study of signs and sign systems. While linguistics concerns itself specifically with human speech, semiotics investigates " the processes and effects of the production and reproduction, reception and circulation of meaning in all forms, used by all kinds of agent[s] of communication. " 1 Semiotic thought developed into its own distinctive field of inquiry in the late-nineteenth...

Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition of recurrent seizures. Seizure is a transient recurrent disturbance of behavior due to excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain [1]. The behavioral disturbance in seizure involves disruption of one of four spheres that represents the semiology (phenomenology) of seizures. These spheres are the sensorial sphe...