The article tells about the life and work religious views of Hoja Arif Raugari, 2nd priest Khojagan community in initial period existence Nakhishbandiyya sect, which occupies an important place Central Asia. Raugari is a man who lived very difficult period. His youth coincided with heyday Karakan era. After that, Seljuks, Karakhits, Khorezm Shah were destined to end their lives Shagatai Empire,...

6th century BCE, probably as part of the expansion into the region of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Lying on one of the main branches of the ancient Silk Roads, which connected Europe and Africa to the Far East, a succession of cities flourished. By the early medieval period these encompassed over 1,000ha (Fig. 1). The great Islamic city of Sultan Kala, capital of the eastern Islamic world, wa...

the cities of jay in pre-islamic and yahudiya in the post islamic period were located in a plain delimited from three sides by surrounding heights. this area, referred to in historical and geographical documents as the rostāq-i jay, was the most important rural district of isfahan's khora. with rising of buyids, they decided to change the seat of power from jay to yahudiya and consequently...

iran, between third to fifth centuries ad, witnessed one of the urbanization boom periods in his history. in this period, iranian towns were capable of commodity exchange and  manufacturing  products. in this context, growth of knowledge and rationalism , moderation in politics, community participation, growth and development of the intellectual trends and movements caused rationality and reaso...