The cyclotron resonance laser (CRL) accelerator is a novel concept of accelerating continuous charged-particle beams to moderately or highly relativistic energies. This paper discusses prospects and limitations of this concept. In particular, the nonlinear coupling of an intense traveling electromagnetic wave with an electron beam in a guide magnetic field is studied, and the effects of wave di...

in this manuscript, we study the inverse problem for non self-adjoint sturm--liouville operator $-d^2+q$ with eigenparameter dependent boundary and discontinuity conditions inside a finite closed interval. by defining  a new hilbert space and  using its spectral data of a kind, it is shown that the potential function can be uniquely determined by part of a set of values of eigenfunctions at som...

Models of reaction chemistry based on the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) have become a crucial tool for simulating complicated biological reaction networks due to their ability to handle extremely complicated networks and to represent noise in small-scale chemistry. These methods can, however, become highly inefficient for stiff reaction systems, those in which different reaction channel...

We present the nondiffracting spatially accelerating solutions of the Maxwell equations. Such beams accelerate in a circular trajectory, thus generalizing the concept of Airy beams to the full domain of the wave equation. For both TE and TM polarizations, the beams exhibit shape-preserving bending which can have subwavelength features, and the Poynting vector of the main lobe displays a turn of...

Abstract We propose a new parametrization of the deceleration parameter to study its time-variation behavior. The advantage of parameterizing the deceleration parameter is that we do not need to assume any underlying theory of gravity. By fitting the model to the 157 gold sample supernova Ia data, we find strong evidence that the Universe is currently accelerating and it accelerated in the past...

Type 1a supernova magnitudes conventionally include an additive parameter called the extinction coefficient. We find that the extinction coefficients of a popular “gold” set are well correlated with the deviation of magnitudes from Hubble diagrams. If the effect is due to bias, extinctions have been overestimated, which makes supernovas appear more dim. The statistical significance of the extin...

Size uniformity is one of the main criteria of superpixel methods. But size uniformity rarely conforms to the varying content of an image. The chosen size of the superpixels therefore represents a compromise how to obtain the fewest superpixels without losing too much important detail. We propose that a more appropriate criterion for creating image segments is information uniformity. We introdu...