In industries, Preventive Maintenance (PM) is not a new practice to minimise the sudden breakdown of production machine. PM will be performed at predetermine intervals to provide a balance between failure cost and component utilisation (aging). However, most of PM interval is based on experience or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) recommendations. Consequently, the benefits from PM are not...

A simple and accurate method based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model is proposed in this paper to predict magnetic flux density (MFD) distribution of the air-gap in a Lorentz motor (LM). In conventional MEC methods, the permanent magnet (PM) is treated as one common source and all branches of MEC are coupled together to become a MEC network. In our proposed method, every PM flux so...

This paper presents a novel 1.8 V digital-to-analog converter (DAC) which is designed to operate at DC for a wide variety of circuit calibration techniques. To achieve 10-bit performance at 1.8 V, an ultra high gain op-amp is introduced for servoing. In order to minimize area consumption while maximizing performance, a segmented plus binary plus R-2R architecture is used. The DAC was designed i...

By focusing electrons on probes with a diameter of 50 pm, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is currently crossing the border to probing subatomic details. A major challenge is the measurement of atomic electric fields using differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, traditionally exploiting the concept of a field-induced shift of diffraction patterns. Here...

Introduction: In most oscillators, the close-to-the-carrier amplitude modulation (AM) noise is usually lower than the phase modulation (PM) noise and does not pose serious problems. However, in highperformance systems where every decibel of PM noise is important, the AM noise cannot be neglected. Numerous applications consider AM noise effects on the overall performance of an oscillator or a sy...

This paper assesses the impacts of decoupled government transfers on production decisions of a sample of Kansas farms. Our empirical analysis is based upon a reduced-form application of the dual model of investment under uncertainty developed by Sckokai (2005), which is extended to a consideration of irregularities in the capital stock adjustment cost function. To do so we adopt the threshold r...