Closed-loop supply chains are characterized by the recovery of returned products. In most of these chains (e.g. glass, metal, paper, computers, copiers), used products (also known as cores) are returned by or collected from customers. But returned products can also come from production facilities within the supply chain (production defectives, by-products. In cases with internal returns, recove...

We first describe how to “fuzzify” the estimated binary columns to create a [0,1]-valued column. Werefer to this [0,1] -valued column as the soft segmentation column of the noisy spectrogram column.Similarly to the collection of soft segmentation columns as the soft segmentation image, or simply asthe soft segmentation. The band-dependent posterior probability that the hard segmentation columnv...

Results of current web image search engines are very noisy, that is, when we ask for a specific object, we are not ensured that this object is contained in all the images returned by the search engines: about 50% of the images returned are off-topic. In this paper, we explain how knowing the color of an object can help locating the object in images, and we also propose methods to automatically ...

In this paper, a reverse supply chain network is investigated for a decision making. This decision is surrounded by complex flows of returned products, due to the increasing quantity, the type of returned products and the variety of recovery option products (reuse, recycling, and refurbishment). The most important problem in the reverse logistic network (RLN) is to orient returned products to t...

In the last two decades, product recovery systems have received increasing attention due to several reasons such as new governmental regulations and economic advantages. One of the most important activities of these systems is to assign returned products to suitable reverse manufacturing alternatives. Uncertainty of returned products in terms of quantity, quality, and time complicates the decis...

remanufacturing is an industrial process that makes used products reusable. remanufacturing is a way to establish a closed-loop supply chain. one of the important aspects in both reverse logistics and remanufacturing is pricing of returned and remanufactured products (called cores) that it has been noticed in this paper. in addition, in this paper the researchers have tried to present a mathema...