The nature of weeds is a complex adaptive, soil-seed communication system. The nature of weedy Setaria life history is an adaptable, changeable system in which complex behaviors emerge when self-similar plant components self-organize into functional traits possessing biological information about spatial structure and temporal behavior. The nature of the weedy Setaria is revealed in the physical...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Seed cone morphology and anatomy reflect some of the most important changes in the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of conifers. Reexamination of the enigmatic Jurassic seed cone Pararaucaria patagonica reveals previously unknown systematically informative characters that demonstrate affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae. This paper documents, for the first time, internal...

Seeds are important for the preservation and reproduction of wild tulips in situ, but only a few studies have been carried out on their seed morphology germination characteristics. In this study, eight tulip species native to China were used. Their superficial ornamentation, relationship between germination, effects manipulating incubation temperature, coat, gibberellin (GA3) application studie...