This article provides a test of the secularization hypothesis, which argues that economic growth, industrialization, increased literacy and decreasing fertility depress religiosity. It focuses on the elections of the secular politicians who voted in favor of the separation between Church and State in the French Parliament in 1905. If the secularization hypothesis is correct, these secular polit...

This article aims to understand why religion has proven difficult address in secular healthcare, although existential communication is important for patients’ health and wellbeing. Two qualitative data samples exploring healthcare were analyzed following Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, leading the development of analytical constructs ‘the secular’ non-secular’. The differentiation non...

background: the secular trend in growth is a well-documented and recurrent phenomenon in many developed and developing countries. in this study, we examined the secular trends in birth length and weight among iranian neonates. methods: this cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted between 1991 and 2011. using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, the birth weights and heights of...

throughout the history of the islamic iran the judicial system has always been based on common law and canon law (sharī‘a). upon the formalization of shī‘ism as the official school (nadhhab) in the safavid era, the shī‘a jurisprudence was set as the basis for legal judgments; and for the execution of judicial affairs the ruler appointed officers such as ṣadr, shaykh al-islām, and other judicial...

We reply to the recent criticism by Garriga and Tanaka of our proposal that quantum gravitational loop corrections may lead to a secular screening of the effective cosmological constant. Their argument rests upon a renormalization scheme in which the composite operator (R √−g − 4Λ√−g )ren is defined to be the trace of the renormalized field equations. Although this is a peculiar prescription, w...

In forensic investigation, there are difficulties in stature and gender estimation of bodies dismembered in mass destruction and criminal mutilation. An individual’s hand or foot, when recovered and brought for forensic examination, can provide valuable information about a person’s identity. Stature provides insight into various features of a population, including nutrition, health and genetics...

Some findings from these data were presented as a poster at the 6th International Symposium on Diabetes and Pregnancy conference in Salzburg, Austria in March 2011. ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper reports secular trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Victoria, Australia and examines the effect of including or excluding women with pre-existing diabetes on gestational diabetes (GDM) prevalence estim...

"Freethinkers," including both atheists and secular humanists, have always been a minority in American society--and not a very popular one. There are still laws in several states preventing non-theists from holding office. Just as evangelical Protestants up until one hundred years ago held a largely optimistic view of the future and the end times (known as postmillennialism), secular humanists ...

We study a series of N−body simulations representing elliptical galaxies with central masses. Starting from two different systems with smooth centres, which have initially a triaxial configuration and are in equilibrium, we insert to them central masses of various values. Immediately after such an insertion a system presents a high fraction of particles moving in chaotic orbits, a fact causing ...