392 THE LANCET • Vol 363 • January 31, 2004 • www.thelancet.com Greater numbers of us are living longer than ever before. This increasing longevity will inevitably lead to a rise in the number of patients with degenerative dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease, the prevalence of which increases exponentially after the age of 65. In addition to devastating cognitive impairment, these disorders a...

Aortic infections are uncommon clinical entities, but are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we focus on the cross-sectional imaging appearance of aortic infections, including aortic valve endocarditis, pyogenic aortitis, mycotic aneurysm and aortic graft infections, with an emphasis on CT, MRI and PET/CT appearance. Teaching Points • Aortic infections are as...

The cross-sectional imaging modalities provide an important diagnostic perspective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that often has a profound influence on the therapeutic decision-making process. They can directly and noninvasively image infectious and inflammatory complications involving the bowel wall, serosa, and mesentery that can only be assessed indirectly by colonoscopy and ba...

Thymomas are the most common primary tumours of the anterior mediastinum in adults, and are composed of a mixture of lymphocytes and epithelial cells in varying proportions, with scattered cystic regions of various size seen in 40% of thymomas pathologically (1). However, those that resulted in almost complete cystic transformation have been reported rarely (24). The present case report describ...

We developed anatomically related cross-sectional echocardiographic views to image the heart from the subxiphoid area in 100 children and infants with various forms of congenital heart disease studied prospectively before cardiac catheterization. Wide-angle cross-sectional views were achieved using a mechanical sector scanner in a scan plane oriented parallel to a line between the patient's sho...

The objectives for this systematic review were to determine if the pre-operative availability of cross-sectional imaging, such as cone beam CT, has a diagnostic impact, therapeutic impact or impact on patients' outcome when placing two dental implants in the anterior mandible to support an overdenture. The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE® and Embase were searched...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents is based on the integration of clinical, biological, endoscopic, histological and radiological data. METHODS The most important part of the diagnosis is the histology, which is acquired by endoscopy. Imaging of the small bowel has changed in recent years, but the imaging goals are primarily to determine t...

Evaluating colorectal lesions by means of radiographic imaging continues to play a major role in detecting and staging cancer of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of large bowel lesions namely Colitis, Vascular and Neoplasm had traditionally been made on the basis of barium enema and/or colonoscopy. Cross sectional imaging as Computed tomography scanning (CT) and MRI plays a pivot...