Phylogenetic analyses were performed using multiple nuclear (ITS and ETS) and chloroplast regions (ndhF-trnL, psbA-trnH, psbD-trnT, and trnT-trnL) to test the monophyly of Aconitum subgen. Lycoctonum (Ranunculaceae) and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus. The subgenus as currently circumscribed is revealed to be polyphyletic. To achieve its monophyly, sect. Galeata a...

Within the context of multiple mobile robot systems, this chapter explores the current state of the art. After a brief introduction, we first examine architectures for multirobot cooperation, exploring the alternative approaches that have been developed. Next, we explore communications issues and their impact on multirobot teams in Sect. 40.3, followed by a discussion of swarm robot systems in ...

Within the context of multiple mobile, and networked robot systems, this chapter explores the current state of the art. After a brief introduction, we first examine architectures for multirobot cooperation, exploring the alternative approaches that have been developed. Next, we explore communications issues and their impact on multirobot teams in Sect. 53.3, followed by a discussion of networke...

In this chapter, we introduce legged robots. After introducing the history of legged robot research in Sect. 16.1, we start to discuss hopping robots and analyze a simple passive walker as a typical cycling walking robot in Sect. 16.2; the Poincaré map is one of the most important tools to analyze its dynamics and stability. In Sect. 16.3, the dynamics and control of general biped robots are di...

Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey) Bunge is one of the important species arid desert vegetation in China, and it also an ideal material for studying plant stress resistance, which plays extremely role protecting ecosystems preventing land desertification. However, there are relatively few studies on regeneration fusiform, genetic transformation system has not been successfully reported, restricts ...

We consider in this report systems modeled by timed automata. The timing bounds involved in the action guards and location invariants of our timed automata are not constants, but parameters. Those parametric timed automata allow to model various kinds of timed systems, e.g. communication protocols or asynchronous circuits. We will also assume that we are given an initial tuple π0 of values for ...

In recent decade security systems based on biometric technologies have played an important role in our community. Fingerprint identification is one of the most important biometric approaches. The uniqueness of a fingerprint is exclusively determined by the local ridge characteristics called minutiae. The automatic fingerprint matching depends on the comparison of these minutiae and their relati...

This chapter introduces the first basic concepts of co-modelling and co-simulation, including notions of system, model and co-model, simulation and co-simulation, etc. It also describes the ways in which co-modelling and co-simulation can be integrated with established development processes such as IEEE 15288 (Systems and Software Engineering—System Life Cycle Processes, [45]) and IEEE 12207 (S...

Results from phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from a worldwide sample of Sanicula indicate that Hawaiian sanicles (Sanicula sect. Sandwicenses) constitute a monophyletic group that descended from a western North American ancestor in Sanicula sect. Sanicoria, a paraphyletic assemblage of mostly Californian species. A monophyletic group comprising ...