endoplasmic reticulum has a critical role in the synthesis and folding of secretory and membrane proteins. high accumulation of proteins in er activates the unfolded protein response and glucose regulated protein 78 or gpr78 plays an essential role in this pathway.  unfolded protein response is activated in cancerous cells due to their adverse condition to survive and it has been shown that grp...

Historically the treatment armamentarium for secretory pituitary adenomas included neurosurgery, medical management, fractionated radiotherapy and recently gamma knife surgery (GKS), the goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and role of gamma knife surgery for treatment of secretory pituitary adenomas regarding hormonal and adenoma size control, between mid of 2005 and 2012 a r...

Microtubule involvement in secretory events of the parathyroid gland was investigated in rats treated with colchicine and/or phosphorus, agents which have been shown to modify parathyroid secretion. Quantitative ultrastructural techniques were used in an effort to assess the cytoplasmic microtubule and secretory granule content of chief cells 3 h after treatment, when hypocalcemia was well est...

The events in the biogenesis of secretory granules after the budding of a dense-cored vesicle from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) were investigated in the neuroendocrine cell line PC12, using sulfate-labeled secretogranin II as a marker. The TGN-derived dense-cored vesicles, which we refer to as immature secretory granules, were found to be obligatory organellar intermediates in the biogenesis o...

BACKGROUND Secretory pituitary adenomas are very common brain tumors. Historically, the treatment armamentarium for secretory pituitary adenomas included neurosurgery, medical management, and fractionated radiotherapy. In recent years, MASEP gamma knife radiosurgery (MASEP GKRS) has emerged as an important treatment modality in the management of secretory pituitary adenomas. The goal of this re...

Objective: To investigate the expression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in adenoid hypertrophy in children and the change in the level of soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) in tympanic effusion. Methods: Fifteen adenoidal specimens were collected from patients with adenoidal hypertrophy and secretory otitis media and patients with simple adenoidal...

AIMS To evaluate serum secretory component in relation to early detection and clinical management of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Secretory component and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were analysed in serial serum samples from 23 patients who had liver metastases as the only apparent recurrence, and in sera from 54 matched controls. Results of surgical treatme...

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and the most common malignancy in infant.Some tumors release vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), causing a profound secretory diarrhea. In this report we describe a 33 month old girl with intermittent diarrhea from 9 month ago and hypokalemia resistant to treatment .She had increased VMA in 24hour urin .After co...