The ampullate silk gland of the spider, Araneus sericatus, produces the silk fiber for the scaffolding of the web. The fine structure of the various parts of the gland is described. The distal portion of the duct consist of a tube of epithelial cells which appear to secrete a substance which forms the tunica intima of the duct wall. At the proximal end of the duct there is a region of secretory...

The development of a stable catalyst with excellent catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline environments is key various electrochemical technologies. In this work, single-atom catalysts (SACs) systems which scandium (Sc), rare earth metal, different N/C coordination (ScNxC3−x@SACs and ScNxC4−x@SACs Sc) were systematically studied help density functional theory ...

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have the highest atom economy, precisely located active sites, unique metal coordination environments. These merits of SACs greatly increase specific activity atom, thus providing great potential for achieving better catalytic and selectivity. The sites natural enzymes are similar in structure, physical chemical properties, Theoretically, can replace field biomedici...

Powered by electricity from renewable energies, electrochemical reduction of CO2 could not only efficiently alleviate the excess emission CO2, but also produce many kinds valuable chemical feedstocks. Among various catalysts, single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted much attention due to their high utilization efficiency and expressive catalytic performances. Additionally, SACs serve as an i...

Direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) are tuned to motion in one direction. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are thought to mediate this direction selectivity through precise anatomical wiring to DSGCs. Nevertheless, we previously found that visual adaptation can reverse DSGCs's directional tuning, overcoming the circuit anatomy. Here we explore the role of SACs in the generation and adapta...

BACKGROUND In neonatal binocular animals, the developing retina displays patterned spontaneous activity termed retinal waves, which are initiated by a single class of interneurons (starburst amacrine cells, SACs) that release neurotransmitters. Although SACs are shown to regulate wave dynamics, little is known regarding how altering the proteins involved in neurotransmitter release may affect w...