Background Currently the responses of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in natural course human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection haven’t been fully elucidated. Methods The function proinflammatory, regulatory cytotoxic were investigated by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) flow cytometry, additionally, absolute numbers different measured among patient...

Little is known of the function of the T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. This study thus measured T cell in vivo activation by enumerating the frequency of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL 4) secreting cells isolated from the gastric antral mucosa in patients with or without gastritis and in H pylori positive and negative gastr...

The highly oncogenic bcr-abl-transformed mouse (Balb/c) 12B1 cells were transfected with plasmids carrying genes for either mouse interleukin-2 (IL‑2) or the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) and the gene for blasticidine resistance. From the transduced cells several clones widely differing in the production of either cytokine were isolated. For further experiments...

Immunological maturation, the gradual increase in affinity for antigen of serum antibody with time after immunization, has been postulated to result from a competition among precursors of antibody-forming cells for available antigen (1, 2). Thus, as the antigen concentration in the cellular environment falls, only those cells with antigen-binding receptors of sufficiently high avidity to captur...

Human myeloma are incurable hematologic cancers of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells in bone marrow. Although malignant plasma cells can be almost eradicated from the patient's bone marrow by chemotherapy, drug-resistant myeloma precursor cells persist in an apparently cryptic compartment. Controversy exists as to whether myeloma precursor cells are hematopoietic stem cells, pre-B cells, ge...

While secretory Abs have been extensively explored in human breast milk, the existence, features, and functions of B lymphocytes remain largely unexplored in this compartment. We analyzed breast milk and blood lymphocytes from 21 lactating women, including 12 HIV-1-infected mothers. Breast milk B cells displayed a phenotype of class-switched memory B cells, with few IgD(+) memory and naive B ce...

The regulation of metabolic processes requires that cells communicate with their neighbors to ensure an appropriate response to the changing environment. The pancreas is a classic example of a tissue that depends on intercellular communication among the same (autocrine) and/or different (paracrine) cell types. The human pancreas is composed of over a million islets, each islet comprising severa...

We recently found that pancreatic acinar cells isolated from normal adult mouse can transdifferentiate into insulin-secreting cells in vitro. Using two different animal models of type 1 diabetes, we show here that insulin-secreting cells can also be generated from pancreatic acinar cells of rodents in the diabetic state with absolute insulin deficiency. When pancreatic acinar cells of streptozo...