The reliability index is an important reliability parameter that is necessary for the development of reliability-based geotechnical design. Both the factor of safety (FS) and the reliability index (β) represent safety margin of structures against either failure or limit state. In this study, the reliability index is analyzed and evaluated in reference to the factor of safety currently adopted i...

The seismic response of structures is always influenced by second order (P–Δ) effects. importance these effects becomes significant when the structure experiences large plastic deformations. Seismic codes indicate that P–Δ may be counteracted means an increase lateral strength required a first analysis, but expressions Strength Amplification Factor (SAF) given in are often criticized researcher...

This paper considers estimation of nonparametric moment conditions models with weakly dependent data. The estimator is based on a local linear version the generalized empirical likelihood approach, and an alternative to popular method estimator. derives uniform convergence rates pointwise asymptotic normality resulting also develops second order stochastic expansions (under standard undersmooth...

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing causes the victim receiver to deduce false positioning and timing data; this notably threatens navigational safety. Thus, anti-spoofing techniques that improve reliability of GNSS systems, for which interference detection is critical, are essential. Based on distortion tracking loop correlation function symmetry target caused by gradual adjustm...