This review integrates 4 major approaches to the study of science—historical accounts of scientific discoveries, psychological experiments with nonscientists working on tasks related to scientific discoveries, direct observation of ongoing scientific laboratories, and computational modeling of scientific discovery processes—by viewing them through the lens of the theory of human problem solving...

A meeting on Marine Biomedical Research, sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health and the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History, was attended by approximately 125 scientists, directors and representatives from many of the country's marine biological laboratories, and government agencies whose interests and responsibi...

Disclosure Statement: A.D. Cherrington is scientific advisor/consultant to Biocon, Calibr, Eli Lilly and Company, Fractyl Laboratories, Inc, Hanmi, Islet Sciences, Merck & Co, Metavention, Novo Nordisk, NuSirt Biopharma, Profil Institute for Clinical Research, Inc, Sensulin, Thermalin Diabetes, Thetis Pharmaceuticals, vTv Therapeutics, ViaCyte, Viking, and Zafgen; receives research support from...

BACKGROUND Accreditation is a valuable resource for medical laboratories. The development of quality systems based on ISO 15189 has taken place in many laboratories in the European countries but data about accreditation remain scarce. The EFLM Working Group "Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards" conducted a survey that reviews the current state of the accreditation process in European countries....

A Vickers M300 analyser has been introduced into a busy hospital laboratory; a profile of 13 biochemical tests is currently provided. Analytical performance has been assessed over one year of routine service operation, and mechanical performance has been assessed over two separate three-month periods. At its best, the M300 achieves high standards of precision and accuracy and has the advantage ...

This was a retrospective study to determine the validity of institutional reference intervals for interpreting biochemistry and hematology results in healthy adults in the context of clinical trials of preventive vaccines. An example population of 974 healthy adults participating in clinical trials at the Jenner Institute, Oxford, UK, between 1999 and 2009 was studied. Methods for calculating t...

Strategies for cost containment in the clinical laboratory have been proposed and some are being tested. An approach is described and illustrated in this article for estimating the size of a cost reduction that might be observed in response to hypothetical changes in the utilization of the clinical laboratory. The variability of laboratory costs with changing volume is reported as a function of...

Laboratories are workplaces for the conduct of experimentation across disciplines and perform interdisciplinary scientific research. This work will summarize the key architectural, engineering, and operational, safety, and sustainability considerations for the design Laboratories. The author recognizes that in the 21st century we are pushing project design teams to create research laboratories ...

The scientific community continues to give conflicting impressions about the contribution of laboratory activities science learning and yet ignores views students who are focus learning. In this paper, we reviewed postsecondary school students’ experiences in laboratories. Students were most concerned impact their preferences pointed more towards greater independent, participatory interactive e...