Scatter search is a population-based method that has recently been shown to yield promising outcomes for solving combinatorial and nonlinear optimization problems. Based on formulations originally proposed in the 1960s for combining decision rules and problem constraints, such as the surrogate constraint method, scatter search uses strategies for combining solution vectors that have proved effe...

The environmental/economic dispatch (EED) problem is a large-scale highly constrained nonlinear multiobjective optimization problem. In recent years, this option has received much attention. Many approaches and methods have been reported to solve the multiobjective EED problem in the literature, such as genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, particle swarm optimization, and differentia...